Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride
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Generic Name of Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride - Learn More
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride Precaution - What You Need to Know
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride is an intravenous solution used primarily for plasma volume expansion in cases of hypovolemia, shock, and fluid resuscitation. It should be used cautiously in patients with a history of hypersensitivity to dextran or sodium chloride, as allergic reactions, ranging from mild skin rashes to more severe anaphylactic responses, may occur. In patients with cardiovascular conditions such as congestive heart failure or severe hypertension, the increased volume load can exacerbate these issues, leading to fluid overload, edema, or increased blood pressure. It should also be used with caution in individuals with renal dysfunction, particularly those with significant renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), as dextran may contribute to fluid retention and sodium overload. Furthermore, close monitoring of electrolytes, especially sodium and potassium, is essential, as sodium chloride may exacerbate hypernatremia, particularly in individuals with impaired kidney function or those on sodium-restricted diets. Pregnant and breastfeeding women should use this product only when absolutely necessary, as there is limited safety data regarding its use during pregnancy and lactation. This solution should also be carefully monitored in patients with pulmonary edema, as excessive fluid administration may worsen respiratory function.
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride Indication - Uses and Benefits
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride is used to treat hypovolemia and shock by increasing the circulating blood volume. It is commonly employed in the acute phase of trauma, surgery, and burns to restore lost plasma volume and improve blood pressure and perfusion. The dextran component is a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide that draws fluid from the interstitial space into the bloodstream, thereby expanding the plasma volume and improving circulation. This solution is often used as a plasma expander when blood transfusions are not immediately available or not needed for patients with mild to moderate blood loss. Sodium chloride provides essential electrolytes and helps maintain osmotic balance. It is also indicated for patients experiencing dehydration or severe electrolyte disturbances. Off-label uses include fluid management during hemodialysis or for patients undergoing extensive surgeries or treatments that result in large fluid losses. While it is effective in restoring circulatory volume, it should not be used as a substitute for blood transfusions when there is significant blood loss that requires red blood cell replacement.
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride Contraindications - Important Warnings
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride is contraindicated in patients who have known hypersensitivity to dextran, sodium chloride, or other components of the solution. It should not be used in individuals with severe renal impairment, as the dextran and sodium chloride can cause fluid retention and exacerbate renal failure. The solution is also contraindicated in patients with hypernatremia, as the sodium chloride content can worsen the electrolyte imbalance and lead to further complications. It should not be administered to patients with conditions such as pulmonary edema or congestive heart failure where fluid retention could be harmful. In cases of active bleeding or bleeding disorders, the solution should be used cautiously, as dextran can affect platelet function and coagulation, leading to increased bleeding risk. Patients who have a history of or are at risk for anaphylaxis or severe allergic reactions should not receive this solution due to the potential for severe hypersensitivity reactions. It is also contraindicated in individuals on sodium-restricted diets, as the sodium content may not be suitable for these patients, especially in those with renal dysfunction.
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride Side Effects - What to Expect
The side effects of Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride are mainly related to the volume expansion and sodium content. The most common adverse reactions include hypersensitivity reactions, such as rashes, fever, or more severe manifestations like anaphylaxis. Fluid overload is a major concern, particularly in patients with underlying cardiovascular or renal conditions, and can result in symptoms such as shortness of breath, edema, elevated blood pressure, or heart failure. Sodium chloride, if administered in excess, can lead to hypernatremia, which may cause confusion, seizures, muscle weakness, and other neurological or cardiovascular issues. Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia or hypokalemia, can also occur, and require careful monitoring and adjustment of fluid and electrolyte intake. In some patients, prolonged use may result in changes in liver function, with transient elevations in liver enzymes. Transient alterations in coagulation may also occur, increasing the risk of bleeding, especially when used in combination with other anticoagulants. The dextran component can cause alterations in coagulation parameters and should be monitored in surgical patients or those at high risk of bleeding. Close monitoring of vital signs, renal function, and laboratory values (e.g., electrolytes, liver enzymes, coagulation parameters) is essential to identify and manage side effects promptly.
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information
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Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride Mode of Action - How It Works
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride works by expanding the plasma volume and improving circulatory function in patients with hypovolemia or shock. Dextran, a high-molecular-weight polysaccharide, remains in the intravascular space for a prolonged period, creating an osmotic gradient that draws fluid from the interstitial and intracellular compartments into the vascular system. This results in an increase in blood volume and helps to maintain blood pressure and improve perfusion to vital organs. The sodium chloride component provides necessary electrolytes that help maintain osmotic balance between the extracellular and intracellular spaces and support nerve and muscle function. Sodium chloride also helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance. The combination of dextran’s plasma-expanding properties and sodium chloride’s electrolyte support allows for the rapid restoration of circulatory volume, making it an essential tool in the management of shock, trauma, and acute blood loss. It is important to note that while this combination restores volume, it does not replace the oxygen-carrying capacity of blood, and thus is not a substitute for blood transfusions in cases of severe blood loss.
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride Drug Interactions - What to Avoid
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride can interact with several medications, particularly those that affect fluid and electrolyte balance. Concomitant use with diuretics may increase the risk of electrolyte disturbances, such as hypokalemia or hyponatremia. It may also interact with antihypertensive medications, particularly those that lower blood pressure through fluid loss (e.g., ACE inhibitors, angiotensin receptor blockers), as the sodium chloride component could counteract the desired effects of these drugs. When combined with corticosteroids or other drugs that promote sodium retention, there is an increased risk of fluid overload and hypertension. Dextran 70 may interact with anticoagulants like heparin by affecting platelet function, leading to an increased risk of bleeding. In patients taking insulin or oral hypoglycemic agents, the solution’s glucose content can elevate blood sugar levels, necessitating close monitoring and potential adjustments to diabetes medications. The solution should also be avoided in patients receiving other intravenous solutions that contain calcium or magnesium, as the presence of dextran may alter the stability and compatibility of these solutions, causing precipitation or adverse reactions.
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage
For adults, the typical initial dose of Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride is 10–20 mL/kg body weight, administered intravenously over the course of 30 minutes to 1 hour, depending on the severity of the hypovolemia or shock. The infusion rate can be adjusted based on the patient’s response and clinical status. In emergency situations or critical care settings, higher doses may be necessary, up to 2 liters, to achieve optimal volume expansion. However, caution must be exercised to avoid fluid overload, particularly in patients with renal or cardiovascular conditions. Infusion rates should be monitored to prevent rapid changes in blood volume that may lead to complications. After the initial infusion, additional doses may be given based on the patient’s fluid status, but the total daily volume should not exceed 2 liters. Careful monitoring of vital signs, electrolytes, and renal function is crucial to avoid adverse effects related to fluid overload, electrolyte imbalances, or inadequate perfusion.
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride Child Dose - Dosage for Children
In pediatric patients, Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride is generally used for fluid resuscitation in cases of severe dehydration, hypovolemia, or shock. The typical dose is 10–20 mL/kg body weight, administered intravenously over 30 minutes to 1 hour, similar to adult dosing, although pediatric patients, particularly neonates and infants, may require slower infusion rates to prevent fluid overload. Close monitoring of vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, and respiratory status, is critical, as children are more vulnerable to fluid shifts. Electrolyte levels, especially sodium, potassium, and chloride, should be closely monitored during and after infusion. In neonates, lower infusion rates should be used due to the risk of overhydration and electrolyte disturbances. As with adults, the total daily volume should not exceed 2 liters in pediatric patients, and the dose should be adjusted based on clinical response and fluid status. Pediatric dosing requires careful adjustments depending on the severity of the condition and the child's age and weight.
Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions
In patients with renal impairment, particularly those with severe renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min), Dextran 70 + Sodium Chloride should be used with extreme caution, as the solution may exacerbate fluid retention and further impair renal function. For patients with mild to moderate renal dysfunction (creatinine clearance >30 mL/min), no specific dose adjustments are required, but close monitoring of renal function, fluid balance, and electrolytes is essential to avoid complications. If the solution is used in such patients, regular checks on urine output, serum creatinine, and electrolytes are recommended. In patients with advanced renal failure or those on dialysis, the administration of this solution should generally be avoided, unless absolutely necessary, due to the high risk of fluid overload and sodium retention, which could worsen kidney function and exacerbate symptoms of uremia. In cases where fluid overload is suspected, renal replacement therapy, such as dialysis, may be needed to manage the excess fluid and restore electrolyte balance.
