Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol
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Generic Name of Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol - Learn More
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol Precaution - What You Need to Know
The combination of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol is commonly used as an oral contraceptive for preventing pregnancy. However, it is important to exercise caution in women with a history of thromboembolic events, such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) or pulmonary embolism (PE), as estrogen-containing contraceptives have been associated with an increased risk of venous and arterial thromboembolism. Desogestrel is a progestin that carries a lower risk of thrombotic events compared to other progestins, but the inclusion of ethinylestradiol still raises concerns for clotting. Women with cardiovascular disease, uncontrolled hypertension, or those who smoke, especially if they are over the age of 35, should be monitored closely. Additionally, women with liver disease or a history of liver tumors should not use this combination due to the hepatic metabolism of both hormones. The use of this combination should be avoided in pregnant or breastfeeding women as it may adversely affect fetal development and interfere with lactation. There is also a risk of reduced efficacy if the medication is not taken consistently or if certain drugs interfere with its metabolism. Regular monitoring for signs of venous thromboembolism, stroke, or hypertension is essential during use.
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol Indication - Uses and Benefits
Desogestrel and ethinylestradiol are primarily indicated for use as a combined oral contraceptive for the prevention of pregnancy. The combination works by inhibiting ovulation, altering cervical mucus to prevent sperm penetration, and modifying the endometrial lining to reduce the likelihood of implantation. Desogestrel, a second-generation progestin, has a lower androgenic effect than some other progestins, making it favorable for those with concerns about acne or unwanted hair growth. Ethinylestradiol, a synthetic estrogen, works in conjunction with desogestrel to provide effective contraception. This combination is highly effective when taken correctly, with typical use showing a failure rate of around 9%, while perfect use yields a failure rate of less than 1%. In addition to contraception, the combination is sometimes prescribed off-label for the treatment of conditions like dysmenorrhea, endometriosis, and abnormal uterine bleeding, as it can help regulate menstrual cycles and reduce menstrual-related symptoms. Off-label use for managing symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is also common, particularly for reducing androgenic symptoms such as hirsutism.
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol Contraindications - Important Warnings
Desogestrel and ethinylestradiol are contraindicated in women with a history of thromboembolic disorders, including deep vein thrombosis (DVT), pulmonary embolism (PE), or stroke, as estrogen-containing contraceptives are associated with an increased risk of clot formation. The combination should also not be used in women with known or suspected breast cancer, estrogen-dependent tumors, or a history of liver disease, including liver tumors or cirrhosis, as both hormones are metabolized in the liver. Women who are pregnant or breastfeeding should avoid using this combination, as it may harm the fetus or reduce milk production. Desogestrel and ethinylestradiol are also contraindicated in women with uncontrolled hypertension, severe migraine with aura, or those who are over the age of 35 and smoke, as they are at a higher risk of cardiovascular events. This combination should also be avoided in women with a history of jaundice related to pregnancy or cholestasis, as these conditions can worsen with the use of oral contraceptives. Additionally, women with impaired renal or hepatic function may require dose adjustments or should consider alternative contraceptive methods.
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol Side Effects - What to Expect
The side effects of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol are generally mild and can include nausea, breast tenderness, mood changes, headaches, and weight gain. These side effects tend to diminish over time as the body adjusts to the hormones. However, more serious side effects, although rare, include thromboembolic events (deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary embolism, and stroke), especially in women who smoke, are older than 35, or have a history of cardiovascular disease. Other cardiovascular risks include increased blood pressure, which may be exacerbated in women who are predisposed to hypertension. Breakthrough bleeding or spotting is common during the first few months of use, and some women may experience changes in their menstrual cycle, including lighter or heavier periods. Less common but more serious side effects include liver dysfunction, gallbladder disease, or an increased risk of certain cancers, such as breast and cervical cancer, in long-term users. If any severe symptoms, such as severe abdominal pain, chest pain, sudden shortness of breath, or visual disturbances occur, immediate medical attention should be sought. In some cases, users may experience mood swings, depression, or decreased libido, and it is important to consult a healthcare provider if these effects are bothersome.
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information
5
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol Mode of Action - How It Works
Desogestrel and ethinylestradiol work synergistically to provide effective contraception. Desogestrel, a progestin, primarily works by inhibiting ovulation, which is essential for preventing pregnancy. It does this by suppressing the release of gonadotropins (luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone), which prevents the maturation of eggs in the ovaries. In addition, desogestrel thickens the cervical mucus, which impedes sperm penetration and migration into the uterus. Ethinylestradiol, a synthetic estrogen, works in concert by stabilizing the endometrial lining, ensuring that it remains inhospitable for implantation should fertilization occur. It also helps regulate the menstrual cycle by preventing excessive bleeding and abnormal endometrial changes. The combination of a progestin and an estrogen ensures highly effective contraceptive action, with a failure rate of less than 1% when used correctly. The combination also reduces the incidence of acne and unwanted hair growth, a benefit of desogestrel’s lower androgenic activity compared to other progestins.
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol Drug Interactions - What to Avoid
Desogestrel and ethinylestradiol can interact with a variety of medications, potentially reducing their contraceptive efficacy or increasing the risk of side effects. Certain antibiotics, such as rifampin or rifabutin, and anticonvulsants, such as phenytoin, carbamazepine, or barbiturates, can increase the metabolism of ethinylestradiol, decreasing the effectiveness of the contraceptive. Antiretroviral drugs, particularly those used to treat HIV, may also interact with this combination, potentially reducing its contraceptive effectiveness. Drugs that affect the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, such as St. John's Wort, can also lower the efficacy of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol. Furthermore, the combination can increase the risk of thromboembolic events when used alongside other medications that elevate the risk, such as corticosteroids, tamoxifen, or hormone replacement therapy. Patients should be advised to use an additional form of contraception (e.g., condoms) if they are prescribed drugs that may interfere with the effectiveness of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol. Additionally, alcohol consumption does not directly affect the efficacy of the combination, but excessive drinking can affect overall health and potentially increase the likelihood of side effects like nausea, dizziness, and headaches.
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage
The standard dose of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol is one tablet daily, taken orally at the same time each day for 21 consecutive days, followed by a 7-day break during which menstruation-like bleeding occurs. This 28-day regimen is typically followed every month, and the next pack should be started immediately after finishing the 7-day break, even if bleeding has not yet stopped. If a dose is missed, it should be taken as soon as the patient remembers, and if more than one dose is missed, additional contraceptive measures, such as using condoms, should be used for the next 7 days to maintain contraceptive efficacy. If vomiting or diarrhea occurs within 3 hours of taking the tablet, a backup method of contraception should be used. The dose may be adjusted in certain situations, such as if breakthrough bleeding occurs or if a different method of contraception is needed.
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol Child Dose - Dosage for Children
Desogestrel and ethinylestradiol combination is not typically recommended for use in individuals under the age of 18, except in cases where it is prescribed for the treatment of specific conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) or irregular menstruation. The safety and efficacy of this combination in younger adolescents have not been well studied, and the risk of side effects, particularly cardiovascular complications, may be higher in younger women, especially those with underlying health conditions. If prescribed in the adolescent population, close monitoring of blood pressure, thromboembolic risk, and side effects such as weight gain or mood changes is necessary. It is essential to consider the patient’s overall health, reproductive needs, and the risks of potential side effects when prescribing hormonal contraceptives to younger women.
Desogestrel + Ethinylestradiol Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions
There is no specific dose adjustment for patients with renal impairment, as the combination of desogestrel and ethinylestradiol is primarily metabolized in the liver. However, caution is advised in women with severe renal dysfunction, and the combination should only be used if the potential benefits outweigh the risks. In women with mild renal impairment, no dose adjustment is typically necessary, but renal function should be monitored to ensure that the drug is metabolized and eliminated efficiently. For women on dialysis, alternative contraceptive methods may be considered, as the effectiveness of oral contraceptives in this population may be altered.
