Cinnarizine

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Generic Name of Cinnarizine - Learn More

Cinnarizine

Cinnarizine Precaution - What You Need to Know

Cinnarizine should be used with caution in certain populations, particularly those with a history of hypersensitivity to antihistamines, or any of its components. The drug can cause drowsiness, which may impair the ability to drive or operate machinery, so patients should be advised to avoid such activities until they know how the drug affects them. Additionally, caution is needed in patients with conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), or glaucoma, as Cinnarizine can potentially exacerbate symptoms of these conditions due to its anticholinergic effects. It should also be used cautiously in individuals with liver or kidney impairment, as the drug may accumulate in the body if these organs are not functioning optimally. In pregnant women, Cinnarizine falls under category C, meaning it should only be used if the potential benefits outweigh the risks, as there are limited studies on its safety during pregnancy. It is also not recommended during breastfeeding unless absolutely necessary, as it may pass into breast milk. Monitoring for side effects such as excessive sedation, dizziness, or dry mouth is important, especially during the initial phase of treatment. Additionally, prolonged use may lead to tolerance or diminished effectiveness, so it is essential to reassess the need for continued therapy regularly.

Cinnarizine Indication - Uses and Benefits

Cinnarizine is primarily used to treat symptoms related to motion sickness, such as nausea, vomiting, and dizziness. It is also indicated for the treatment of vertigo associated with inner ear disorders, including benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) and Ménière's disease. As a first-generation antihistamine, Cinnarizine works by blocking histamine receptors and reducing the effects of histamine on the inner ear and central nervous system, which helps alleviate the sensation of dizziness and imbalance. It may also be used off-label to treat nausea and vomiting in pregnancy (morning sickness), although this use is less common and should be considered only under medical supervision due to potential risks. Evidence supporting the use of Cinnarizine for vertigo and motion sickness is robust, with clinical guidelines recommending its use as part of the management for these conditions. Additionally, it is sometimes used in the treatment of allergies or mild forms of dizziness when other medications are not effective or appropriate.

Cinnarizine Contraindications - Important Warnings

Cinnarizine is contraindicated in patients who have a known hypersensitivity to the drug or any of its components, as allergic reactions may occur. The drug is also contraindicated in individuals with severe liver dysfunction, as the liver plays a central role in the metabolism of Cinnarizine, and impaired liver function can lead to increased drug concentrations in the blood, raising the risk of side effects. In patients with severe renal impairment, careful consideration should be given, as Cinnarizine is excreted primarily by the kidneys. Cinnarizine should not be used in individuals with a history of narrow-angle glaucoma due to its anticholinergic effects, which can increase intraocular pressure. Furthermore, the drug should be avoided in patients with a history of prostate hypertrophy or urinary retention, as it may worsen these conditions. Cinnarizine is not recommended during the first trimester of pregnancy, and its use in breastfeeding should be minimized unless the benefit clearly outweighs the risk, as it may pass into breast milk and affect the infant. This medication is also contraindicated in children under 5 years old due to the risk of severe sedation and the lack of safety data for younger children.

Cinnarizine Side Effects - What to Expect

Common side effects of Cinnarizine include drowsiness, dry mouth, dizziness, and blurred vision, particularly during the initial phase of treatment. These effects are usually dose-related and diminish over time as the body adjusts to the medication. Less common side effects include headache, fatigue, gastrointestinal disturbances such as nausea or constipation, and difficulty urinating. Cinnarizine may also cause weight gain or appetite changes in some individuals. Long-term use or high doses of Cinnarizine may lead to tolerance, where the effectiveness of the drug diminishes over time. In rare cases, it may cause more severe effects such as hypotension, arrhythmias, or an allergic reaction, presenting with symptoms like rash, itching, or swelling. Prolonged use of Cinnarizine, especially in elderly patients or those with a history of cardiovascular disease, can also increase the risk of developing cognitive dysfunction or worsening pre-existing conditions like glaucoma or benign prostatic hyperplasia. To manage side effects, patients are advised to take the drug with food or at bedtime to minimize dizziness and sedation. If side effects persist or become severe, discontinuing the medication and seeking medical advice is recommended.

Cinnarizine Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information

3

Cinnarizine Mode of Action - How It Works

Cinnarizine is a first-generation antihistamine with additional antiemetic and anticholinergic properties. Its primary mechanism of action involves the blocking of histamine receptors, specifically H1 receptors, in the central nervous system. This reduces the effects of histamine, a neurotransmitter involved in regulating wakefulness, motion, and balance. By inhibiting histamine, Cinnarizine helps prevent the nausea, vomiting, and dizziness associated with motion sickness and vertigo. Additionally, Cinnarizine exerts mild anticholinergic effects, which help in alleviating nausea and vertigo by reducing the excitability of the vestibular system. The anticholinergic effects also contribute to its sedative properties, as they can inhibit neurotransmission in the central nervous system, leading to drowsiness and relaxation. The drug is absorbed quickly from the gastrointestinal tract and metabolized in the liver, with its effects typically beginning within one hour of oral administration and lasting for several hours. Its ability to cross the blood-brain barrier contributes to its sedative effects, making it effective in treating symptoms of motion sickness and vertigo.

Cinnarizine Drug Interactions - What to Avoid

Cinnarizine has several notable drug interactions, primarily due to its sedative effects and its metabolism via the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, particularly CYP2D6. When combined with other central nervous system (CNS) depressants, such as alcohol, benzodiazepines, or opioids, the sedative effects of Cinnarizine may be enhanced, increasing the risk of excessive drowsiness, dizziness, and impaired motor skills. Combining Cinnarizine with other antihistamines or sedative medications should be avoided to prevent the cumulative sedative effect. Additionally, Cinnarizine may interact with certain antidepressants, especially tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), which also have anticholinergic properties. This interaction may increase the risk of anticholinergic side effects such as dry mouth, urinary retention, and constipation. Furthermore, Cinnarizine can inhibit the metabolism of other drugs metabolized by the liver, including certain antipsychotics, antihistamines, and antiarrhythmic agents. This could lead to elevated levels of these medications and increase the risk of side effects. Patients taking Cinnarizine should avoid drinking alcohol, as it can increase the sedative effects and impair cognitive and motor function.

Cinnarizine Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage

The typical adult dose of Cinnarizine for treating motion sickness is 25 to 50 mg taken 30 minutes before travel. For vertigo or other balance-related issues, the usual dose is 25 to 50 mg two to three times daily. The maximum recommended daily dose should not exceed 225 mg, as higher doses may increase the risk of side effects such as excessive sedation or anticholinergic effects. For motion sickness, the dose can be adjusted based on the duration of the journey and the patient's sensitivity. It is recommended to take the medication with food or water to minimize potential gastrointestinal discomfort. Doses should be titrated to the lowest effective amount to avoid excessive drowsiness or other side effects. If symptoms persist or worsen, it is important to consult a healthcare provider to reassess the treatment plan.

Cinnarizine Child Dose - Dosage for Children

Cinnarizine is generally not recommended for use in children under 5 years of age due to the risk of severe sedation and the lack of safety data in this age group. In children aged 5 years and older, the typical starting dose is 12.5 mg to 25 mg taken once or twice a day, depending on the condition being treated. The dose can be increased if necessary, but it should not exceed 75 mg per day. The medication should be administered with caution, ensuring that it does not interfere with the child’s ability to perform daily activities. Parents should monitor for side effects such as excessive drowsiness, dry mouth, or gastrointestinal symptoms. For children with liver or kidney impairments, dose adjustments are necessary, and close monitoring is recommended. As always, pediatric dosing should be individualized, and therapy should be closely monitored by a healthcare professional.

Cinnarizine Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions

In patients with renal impairment, the dose of Cinnarizine should generally be adjusted, as the drug is partially excreted by the kidneys. For individuals with moderate to severe renal dysfunction, a reduced dose or increased dosing interval may be necessary to prevent the accumulation of the drug in the body, which could increase the risk of side effects. Routine monitoring of renal function is advisable, especially in elderly patients or those with pre-existing kidney conditions. However, because Cinnarizine is primarily metabolized by the liver, renal impairment has less of an effect on its overall metabolism. Nonetheless, it is essential to start with the lowest possible dose and gradually increase it while monitoring for adverse effects.