Dalteparin Sodium

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Generic Name of Dalteparin Sodium - Learn More

Dalteparin Sodium

Dalteparin Sodium Precaution - What You Need to Know

Before starting Dalteparin Sodium therapy, it is crucial for patients to consult their healthcare provider to ensure it is appropriate for their specific condition. Important precautions to consider include:

- Bleeding Risk: Dalteparin is an anticoagulant, and there is an increased risk of bleeding, including major bleeding complications such as hemorrhages and intracranial hemorrhage. Patients should be carefully monitored for signs of bleeding, including unexplained bruising, prolonged bleeding from cuts, or black stools.
- Thrombocytopenia: Thrombocytopenia (low platelet count) may occur, and this is more likely in patients receiving long-term therapy. Platelet counts should be monitored regularly.
- Renal Impairment: In patients with renal impairment, Dalteparin may accumulate, increasing the risk of bleeding due to impaired drug clearance. Reduced dosing or frequent monitoring is necessary in these patients.
- Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Dalteparin is classified as a Category B medication during pregnancy, meaning it is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy when clearly needed, but should still only be used under medical supervision. The medication passes into breast milk in small amounts, so careful consideration is needed if the patient is breastfeeding.
- Spinal or Epidural Anesthesia: Dalteparin should be used with caution in patients undergoing procedures such as spinal or epidural anesthesia, due to the risk of hematomas that could lead to paralysis.
- Pre-existing Conditions: Careful use is needed in patients with liver disease, uncontrolled hypertension, active peptic ulcer disease, or those who have had recent surgical procedures. In these cases, a healthcare provider must assess the risks versus benefits.

Dalteparin Sodium Indication - Uses and Benefits

Dalteparin is primarily used for the prevention and treatment of various thromboembolic conditions. Its key indications include:

- Prevention of Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT): Dalteparin is used to prevent the formation of DVT in patients undergoing surgery, particularly orthopedic surgery, such as hip or knee replacement, where there is an increased risk of clot formation.
- Prevention of Pulmonary Embolism (PE): In addition to preventing DVT, Dalteparin also plays a role in preventing the occurrence of pulmonary embolism (a clot that travels to the lungs).
- Treatment of Acute Deep Vein Thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE): Dalteparin is used in the treatment of existing DVT and PE in combination with other anticoagulants such as warfarin.
- Unstable Angina and Non-Q-Wave Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI): Dalteparin is used in the management of unstable angina and NSTEMI, often as part of an overall therapeutic regimen to reduce the risk of further clot formation and complications.
- Prevention of Clot Formation in Hemodialysis: Dalteparin is used to reduce the risk of clot formation in patients undergoing hemodialysis.

Dalteparin Sodium Contraindications - Important Warnings

Certain patient populations should not use Dalteparin due to the associated risks. Contraindications include:

- Active Bleeding: Dalteparin is contraindicated in patients with active bleeding, including conditions such as intracranial hemorrhage, gastrointestinal bleeding, and pericardial hemorrhage.
- Hypersensitivity: Any patient with a known hypersensitivity to Dalteparin or other low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) should avoid this medication.
- Severe Thrombocytopenia: Patients with severe thrombocytopenia (platelet count < 100,000/µL) should not use Dalteparin, as it may exacerbate the condition.
- History of Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT): Dalteparin is contraindicated in patients with a history of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) due to the potential for severe reactions, including thrombosis.
- Severe Renal Impairment: Dalteparin should not be used in patients with severe renal failure, particularly if their creatinine clearance (CrCl) is below 30 mL/min, as this may result in accumulation of the drug and an increased risk of bleeding.

Dalteparin Sodium Side Effects - What to Expect

Dalteparin, like other anticoagulants, is associated with both common and severe side effects:

- Common Side Effects:
- Bleeding: The most common side effect is bleeding, including easy bruising, nosebleeds, or bleeding gums.
- Injection Site Reactions: Patients may experience pain, swelling, or irritation at the site of injection.
- Elevated Liver Enzymes: Temporary increases in liver enzymes (AST, ALT) can occur in some patients.
- Anemia: A reduction in red blood cell count may occur due to bleeding or other factors.

- Severe Side Effects:
- Severe Bleeding: Serious bleeding episodes, including hemorrhagic stroke and gastrointestinal bleeding, are potentially fatal and require immediate medical attention.
- Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia (HIT): Although rare, HIT can occur with Dalteparin use, leading to a paradoxical increase in thrombosis despite thrombocytopenia. Symptoms include skin necrosis, clot formation, and deep vein thrombosis.
- Osteoporosis: Long-term use of Dalteparin has been linked to the development of osteoporosis and bone fractures.
- Hyperkalemia: Rarely, Dalteparin may cause elevated potassium levels (hyperkalemia), which can lead to serious heart rhythm abnormalities.

Dalteparin Sodium Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information

2

Dalteparin Sodium Mode of Action - How It Works

Dalteparin is a low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), which is a derivative of standard unfractionated heparin (UFH), designed to offer more predictable pharmacokinetics and improved safety:

- Inhibition of Factor Xa: Dalteparin primarily works by inhibiting Factor Xa, an enzyme essential for the conversion of prothrombin to thrombin, which is a key step in blood clot formation. By inhibiting this factor, Dalteparin reduces the formation of fibrin, the main protein that holds blood clots together.
- Antithrombin III Activation: Dalteparin enhances the activity of antithrombin III, which inactivates thrombin and other coagulation factors such as Factor IXa and Factor Xa.
- Thrombin Formation Inhibition: Through these actions, Dalteparin decreases thrombin generation, preventing the formation of clots and reducing the risk of thromboembolic events.

Dalteparin Sodium Drug Interactions - What to Avoid

Several medications and substances may interact with Dalteparin, affecting its safety and efficacy:

- Other Anticoagulants: Concurrent use with other anticoagulants, including warfarin, aspirin, clopidogrel, or other NSAIDs, increases the risk of bleeding complications. Caution is advised, and doses should be adjusted accordingly.
- Thrombolytics: The combination of Dalteparin with thrombolytics (e.g., streptokinase, alteplase) should be closely monitored, as the risk of bleeding may be significantly increased.
- Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): NSAIDs such as ibuprofen, naproxen, and celecoxib can increase the bleeding risk when taken with Dalteparin.
- Platelet Aggregation Inhibitors: Medications like clopidogrel or ticlopidine that inhibit platelet function may further elevate the bleeding risk when combined with Dalteparin.
- Other Drugs that Affect Coagulation: Any drug that affects blood clotting (e.g., SSRIs, SNRIs, corticosteroids) should be used cautiously with Dalteparin, as these can increase the risk of bleeding.

Dalteparin Sodium Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage

The dosage of Dalteparin varies based on the indication, and it is administered via subcutaneous injection:

- Prevention of DVT in Surgery: The usual dose is 2,500-5,000 IU subcutaneously once daily, starting 1-2 hours before surgery and continued postoperatively for up to 10 days.
- Treatment of DVT and PE: Initial dose for DVT or PE is 200 IU/kg/day subcutaneously, given in two divided doses for the first 5 days. Afterward, the dose may be reduced to 150 IU/kg/day.
- Unstable Angina or NSTEMI: The dose is typically 120 IU/kg every 12 hours subcutaneously for 5-8 days.

Dalteparin Sodium Child Dose - Dosage for Children

The use of Dalteparin in pediatric patients is typically reserved for cases such as DVT, PE, or acute coronary syndromes:

- For Children (younger than 18 years): The recommended dose is 100 IU/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours for DVT or PE treatment, with adjustments based on clinical response and weight.

As always, it is important for a healthcare provider to carefully adjust the dosing for pediatric patients and monitor them regularly.

Dalteparin Sodium Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions

For patients with renal impairment, Dalteparin should be used with caution, and doses may need to be adjusted:

- Mild Renal Impairment (CrCl ≥ 30 mL/min): Standard dosing can usually be maintained, though close monitoring for bleeding is essential.
- Severe Renal Impairment (CrCl < 30 mL/min): In patients with significant renal dysfunction, Dalteparin should be used cautiously, and a dose reduction of approximately 50% is recommended, or alternative anticoagulants may be considered.