Sitagliptin

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Generic Name of Sitagliptin - Learn More

Sitagliptin

Sitagliptin Precaution - What You Need to Know

Before using Sitagliptin, it is crucial for patients to consult their healthcare provider, particularly if they have any of the following conditions or concerns:
- Kidney impairment: Sitagliptin is primarily excreted through the kidneys. In patients with renal impairment, the dose may need to be adjusted to prevent accumulation of the drug, which could lead to increased risk of side effects.
- Pancreatitis: There have been reports of pancreatitis (inflammation of the pancreas) in some patients taking Sitagliptin. If you experience severe abdominal pain, nausea, or vomiting, these could be signs of pancreatitis, and medical attention should be sought immediately.
- Type 1 diabetes: Sitagliptin is not approved for the treatment of type 1 diabetes. It should not be used as a sole treatment for diabetic ketoacidosis.
- Hypoglycemia: While Sitagliptin alone does not typically cause hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), it may increase the risk of low blood sugar when used in combination with other medications, such as sulfonylureas or insulin. Patients should monitor their blood sugar levels closely and be aware of symptoms of hypoglycemia.
- Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Sitagliptin is categorized as Pregnancy Category B, which means that there are no adequate studies in pregnant women, but it has not been shown to be harmful to the fetus in animal studies. It is recommended to use Sitagliptin during pregnancy only if clearly needed. The safety of Sitagliptin during breastfeeding is not established, so it should be used cautiously or avoided while breastfeeding.

Sitagliptin Indication - Uses and Benefits

Sitagliptin is primarily prescribed for managing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and is used to help control blood sugar levels. Its therapeutic indications include:
- Type 2 diabetes mellitus: Sitagliptin is used in combination with diet and exercise to improve blood sugar control in adults with T2DM. It works by increasing the levels of incretin hormones, which help regulate insulin and glucagon levels in the body.
- Adjunctive treatment: Sitagliptin is often prescribed alongside other diabetes medications, such as metformin, sulfonylureas, or insulin, to improve glycemic control.
- Renal disease: It can also be used in patients with renal impairment, but the dosage may need to be adjusted based on the level of kidney function.

Sitagliptin Contraindications - Important Warnings

Sitagliptin should not be used in the following situations:
- Hypersensitivity: If a patient is allergic to Sitagliptin or any of its ingredients, they should not take the drug. Signs of an allergic reaction may include rash, itching, swelling, or difficulty breathing.
- Type 1 diabetes mellitus: Sitagliptin is not indicated for the treatment of type 1 diabetes or diabetic ketoacidosis, as it is not effective in these conditions.
- Severe renal impairment: While Sitagliptin can be used in patients with kidney disease, severe renal impairment (e.g., eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m²) may require an alternative medication or dose adjustments. Sitagliptin is contraindicated in patients on dialysis or those with severe kidney dysfunction.

Sitagliptin Side Effects - What to Expect

Sitagliptin is generally well-tolerated, but like any medication, it may cause side effects. Common side effects include:
- Upper respiratory tract infections: Some people experience symptoms like sore throat, runny nose, or cough.
- Headache: Headaches are a common side effect and may occur in some individuals taking Sitagliptin.
- Gastrointestinal symptoms: Mild gastrointestinal issues like nausea, diarrhea, or abdominal discomfort have been reported.
- Joint pain: Some patients may experience joint pain, which may be severe in some cases. If joint pain occurs, it should be reported to a healthcare provider.
- Hypoglycemia: When used in combination with other antidiabetic medications like insulin or sulfonylureas, Sitagliptin can increase the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Symptoms of hypoglycemia include shaking, sweating, dizziness, confusion, and hunger.
- Pancreatitis: Rarely, Sitagliptin can cause pancreatitis, characterized by severe abdominal pain, nausea, and vomiting. If these symptoms occur, medical attention is needed immediately.

Sitagliptin Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information

2

Sitagliptin Mode of Action - How It Works

Sitagliptin is a DPP-4 inhibitor (dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor). It works by inhibiting the action of the DPP-4 enzyme, which is responsible for breaking down incretin hormones like GLP-1 (glucagon-like peptide-1) and GIP (gastric inhibitory peptide). These hormones play a key role in regulating blood sugar levels by:
- Increasing insulin secretion: When blood sugar levels rise after meals, incretin hormones stimulate the pancreas to release insulin, which helps lower blood sugar.
- Reducing glucagon secretion: Incretins also inhibit the release of glucagon, a hormone that increases blood sugar by stimulating the liver to release glucose. By reducing glucagon, Sitagliptin helps prevent excessive glucose production by the liver.

In summary, Sitagliptin enhances the body’s natural mechanisms to regulate blood sugar levels, particularly after meals, and helps improve overall glycemic control in individuals with type 2 diabetes.

Sitagliptin Drug Interactions - What to Avoid

Sitagliptin has a relatively low potential for drug interactions. However, it may interact with the following:
- Insulin and sulfonylureas: Combining Sitagliptin with insulin or sulfonylureas (e.g., glimepiride, glipizide) may increase the risk of hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). Dosage adjustments for insulin or sulfonylureas may be necessary to avoid low blood sugar.
- Rifampin: Rifampin, an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis, can decrease the effectiveness of Sitagliptin by lowering its blood concentration. If used together, close monitoring and possible dose adjustments are recommended.
- Other antidiabetic medications: Sitagliptin may interact with other antidiabetic agents such as metformin, though this combination is commonly prescribed to achieve better blood sugar control. Monitoring blood glucose levels is essential to ensure the effectiveness and safety of the combination.
- Drugs affecting renal function: Since Sitagliptin is excreted via the kidneys, drugs that can alter renal function (e.g., ACE inhibitors, diuretics) may influence its clearance. Kidney function should be monitored during concurrent use.

Sitagliptin Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage

The typical starting dose of Sitagliptin for adults is:
- Initial dose: 100 mg once daily, taken with or without food.
- Renal impairment adjustments:
- Moderate renal impairment (eGFR 30-45 mL/min/1.73m²): The recommended dose is 50 mg once daily.
- Severe renal impairment (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m²) or end-stage renal disease (ESRD): The recommended dose is 25 mg once daily.
- Combination therapy: When used in combination with other antidiabetic medications like metformin, the dose may be adjusted based on the patient’s blood glucose levels and renal function.

Sitagliptin Child Dose - Dosage for Children

Sitagliptin is not approved for use in children under the age of 18 years. There is insufficient data on the safety and efficacy of Sitagliptin in pediatric populations, so it should not be prescribed for individuals under 18.

In conclusion, Sitagliptin is an effective medication for managing type 2 diabetes, especially in combination with other lifestyle changes and medications. However, it is important to follow the prescribed dosages, monitor blood glucose levels, and consult with a healthcare provider to adjust doses, especially for patients with kidney issues or other health concerns.

Sitagliptin Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions

For patients with renal impairment, dose adjustments are required to prevent drug accumulation:
- eGFR 30-45 mL/min/1.73m²: The recommended dose of Sitagliptin is 50 mg once daily.
- eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m² or on dialysis: The recommended dose of Sitagliptin is 25 mg once daily.

Patients with impaired kidney function should have their renal function monitored regularly, as Sitagliptin is primarily eliminated through the kidneys.