Nystatin

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Generic Name of Nystatin - Learn More

Nystatin

Nystatin Precaution - What You Need to Know

Before using Nystatin, it is essential for patients to consult with their healthcare provider to ensure the medication is suitable for their condition. Key precautions include:
- Hypersensitivity Reactions: Nystatin should not be used by individuals with a known allergy or hypersensitivity to the drug. Symptoms of an allergic reaction include rash, itching, swelling, and in severe cases, difficulty breathing.
- Pregnancy and Lactation: Nystatin is generally considered safe for use during pregnancy (classified as Category C), though it should only be used if clearly needed. It is also excreted into breast milk, so nursing mothers should consult their healthcare provider before using it.
- Gastrointestinal Issues: Patients with significant gastrointestinal disorders (e.g., severe diarrhea or vomiting) should exercise caution, as absorption can be affected.
- Immunocompromised States: Individuals with weakened immune systems, such as those undergoing chemotherapy or with HIV/AIDS, should be monitored closely while using Nystatin, as they may be at higher risk for invasive fungal infections.
- Topical Use: When using topical Nystatin, avoid application to open wounds or burns, as the drug should not come into contact with damaged skin or mucous membranes.

Nystatin Indication - Uses and Benefits

Nystatin is primarily used as an antifungal medication for the treatment and prevention of various fungal infections, particularly those caused by Candida species. Key indications include:
- Oropharyngeal Candidiasis (Thrush): Nystatin is commonly used to treat fungal infections in the mouth, throat, and esophagus, primarily caused by Candida albicans.
- Cutaneous Candidiasis: It is effective for treating skin infections due to Candida species, including diaper rashes and intertrigo (skin folds).
- Vaginal Candidiasis: Nystatin is used topically to treat vaginal yeast infections caused by Candida.
- Intestinal Candidiasis: In cases of intestinal fungal infections, Nystatin is sometimes used, especially in patients with a history of chronic antibiotic use or immunosuppression.
- Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Patients: It is used as a prophylactic treatment to prevent fungal infections in patients with HIV, undergoing chemotherapy, or those with organ transplants.

Nystatin Contraindications - Important Warnings

Nystatin should be avoided in the following conditions:
- Hypersensitivity: As with all medications, Nystatin is contraindicated in individuals with a known hypersensitivity or allergic reaction to it or any of its components.
- Systemic Use in Severe Renal or Hepatic Disease: Although systemic absorption of Nystatin is minimal, individuals with severe liver or kidney disease should avoid systemic use, especially in oral forms.
- Intestinal Perforation: Nystatin should not be used in patients with intestinal perforation as it may not be absorbed properly in such cases and can lead to complications.

Nystatin Side Effects - What to Expect

While Nystatin is generally well tolerated, some potential side effects include:
- Common Side Effects:
- Mild skin irritation or itching when applied topically to the skin.
- Gastrointestinal upset such as nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea when used orally.
- Severe Side Effects:
- Hypersensitivity reactions: In rare cases, Nystatin may cause severe allergic reactions such as anaphylaxis (a life-threatening condition), characterized by symptoms like difficulty breathing, swelling of the face or throat, and rash.
- Skin Rash: Some people may develop a rash upon topical use, which should be evaluated for a possible allergic reaction.
- Endocrine Changes: Although rare, adrenal suppression or other endocrine effects may occur with long-term or systemic use, especially in high doses.

Nystatin Pregnancy Category ID - Safety Information

3

Nystatin Mode of Action - How It Works

Nystatin works by binding to ergosterol, a key component of the fungal cell membrane. This binding disrupts the integrity of the cell membrane, leading to:
- Increased permeability of the fungal cell membrane, allowing essential cellular contents to leak out, ultimately leading to cell death.
- Nystatin is specifically effective against yeasts, particularly Candida species, which are sensitive to this mechanism. It has no significant activity against other types of fungi like molds or dimorphic fungi.

Nystatin Drug Interactions - What to Avoid

Nystatin has very few known drug interactions due to its minimal systemic absorption when used topically or orally in non-systemic forms. However, some important considerations include:
- Other Antifungal Agents: Caution should be taken when combining Nystatin with other antifungal drugs such as fluconazole or ketoconazole, as this could theoretically increase the risk of overgrowth or resistance.
- Immunosuppressive Agents: The concurrent use of immunosuppressive agents (e.g., corticosteroids) may enhance the growth of fungi in some cases, which could require closer monitoring.
- Oral Anticoagulants: When Nystatin is used orally, patients taking oral anticoagulants (such as warfarin) should be monitored, though interactions are rare.

Nystatin Pregnancy Category Note - Key Information

Pregnancy category: C, ROUTE(S) : Mouth/Throat / PO

Pregnancy Category: A, ROUTE(S) : Vaginal

Nystatin Adult Dose - Recommended Dosage

For adults, the recommended doses of Nystatin depend on the type and site of infection:
- Oropharyngeal Candidiasis: The typical dose is 4-6 mL of Nystatin oral suspension (100,000 units/mL) taken 4 times a day for 7-14 days. Alternatively, 1 tablet of Nystatin (500,000 units) can be taken 4 times a day.
- Cutaneous Candidiasis: Apply a thin layer of Nystatin cream or ointment (100,000 units/g) to the affected area 2-3 times daily.
- Vaginal Candidiasis: Nystatin vaginal tablets (100,000 units) are typically used as one tablet at bedtime for 14 days.
- Intestinal Candidiasis: For severe infections, oral doses of 500,000 to 1,000,000 units may be taken 3-4 times a day.

Nystatin Child Dose - Dosage for Children

For children, Nystatin dosing varies based on the age and condition being treated:
- Oral Thrush: For infants and young children, the usual dose is 1 mL of Nystatin suspension (100,000 units/mL) 4 times daily for 7-14 days.
- Cutaneous Candidiasis: Apply a thin layer of Nystatin cream or ointment (100,000 units/g) to the affected area 2-3 times daily.
- Intestinal Candidiasis: Children may receive 500,000 to 1,000,000 units orally, 2-3 times daily, depending on the severity of the infection.

Nystatin Renal Dose - Dosage for Kidney Conditions

Since Nystatin is not significantly absorbed systemically, it does not require any dosage adjustments for patients with renal impairment. However, patients should be monitored for any signs of systemic effects if using the drug for prolonged periods or in high doses.