ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS) Injection/Solution for

What is ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS)

ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 is a sterile, aqueous solution used primarily in emergency medical settings to treat severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis), cardiac arrest, and acute asthma attacks. The formulation "1:10,000" refers to a dilution strength, meaning 1 gram of adrenaline is present in 10,000 ml of solution, equating to 0.1 mg/ml. Each prefilled syringe contains 10 ml, delivering a total of 1 mg of adrenaline. This product is manufactured by Macarthys and contains adrenaline in the form of acid tartrate salt, which is water-soluble and stable. Key Features: Generic Name: Adrenaline (as acid tartrate) Form: Injection/Solution for IV use Packaging: 1 Prefilled Syringe (10ml) Uses: Anaphylaxis, cardiac resuscitation, acute bronchospasm, and hypotension due to septic shock

How to use ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS)

Adrenaline injection should only be administered under medical supervision, ideally in a hospital or emergency care setting. The 1:10,000 dilution is specifically formulated for intravenous (IV) use during advanced cardiac life support (ACLS). Administration Guidelines: Route: Intravenous (slow push or infusion), preferably via a central line during resuscitation Preparation: Ensure the prefilled syringe is intact and within the expiry date; no dilution is required before use Monitoring: Continuous cardiac monitoring and frequent blood pressure checks are essential during administration Instructions for Use: Attach the prefilled syringe to IV line or appropriate adapter Administer slowly over 1-2 minutes Repeat dosing based on clinical response and resuscitation protocol (typically every 3–5 minutes during cardiac arrest) Important Tips: Do not use for intramuscular or subcutaneous injection Avoid extravasation (leakage into surrounding tissue) due to risk of local tissue necrosis Check compatibility if used with other IV drugs

Mode of Action ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS)

Adrenaline is a potent sympathomimetic agent that stimulates alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors throughout the body. Its rapid onset of action makes it highly effective in emergency situations. Mechanism of Action: Alpha-1 Adrenergic Effects: Vasoconstriction of blood vessels increases systemic vascular resistance Elevates blood pressure during hypotensive states or cardiac arrest Beta-1 Adrenergic Effects: Increases heart rate (positive chronotropic effect) Enhances myocardial contractility (positive inotropic effect) Improves cardiac output and perfusion during resuscitation Beta-2 Adrenergic Effects: Bronchodilation helps open airways in cases of bronchospasm or anaphylaxis Reduces mediator release from mast cells, decreasing the severity of allergic reactions Onset & Duration: Onset is within 1–2 minutes IV; duration of action is 5–10 minutes

ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS) Interactions ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS)

Drug interactions with adrenaline can potentiate or inhibit its therapeutic effects and may increase the risk of adverse reactions. Notable Interactions: Beta-Blockers (e.g., Propranolol): May reduce the efficacy of adrenaline and enhance alpha-mediated vasoconstriction, potentially leading to hypertension and bradycardia Tricyclic Antidepressants (e.g., Amitriptyline): May potentiate cardiovascular effects such as arrhythmias and severe hypertension MAO Inhibitors (e.g., Phenelzine): Increase sensitivity to adrenaline, increasing risk of hypertensive crisis General Anesthetics (e.g., Halothane): May sensitize the heart to arrhythmias when used with adrenaline Diuretics: Combined use may lead to hypokalemia, which may increase the risk of arrhythmias Other Sympathomimetics (e.g., Salbutamol): Can amplify cardiovascular side effects when used concurrently Recommendation: Always review the patient’s medication history thoroughly before administration.

Dosage of ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS)

Dosage of adrenaline depends on the clinical indication and patient condition. The 1:10,000 dilution is primarily used for intravenous administration during cardiac arrest or in emergency settings. Adult Dosage: Cardiac Arrest: 1 mg IV every 3–5 minutes during resuscitation (as per ACLS protocol) Anaphylaxis (IV use if IM ineffective): 0.1 mg (1 ml of 1:10,000) slowly IV over 5 minutes, only in a monitored setting Hypotension during Anesthesia: 10–100 mcg IV bolus, titrated to effect Pediatric Dosage: Cardiac Arrest: 0.01 mg/kg IV every 3–5 minutes Note: This medicinal product is not suitable for delivering a dose of less than 0.5 ml and should therefore not be used by the intravenous or intraosseous route in neonates and infants with body weight less than 5 kg. medicines.org.uk Note: Dosing adjustments are necessary in elderly or patients with cardiovascular disease. Always follow current resuscitation guidelines (e.g., AHA).

Possible side effects of ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS)

Adrenaline is highly effective but associated with a range of potential side effects, especially if improperly dosed or administered without monitoring. Common Side Effects: Cardiovascular: Palpitations Tachycardia Hypertension Ventricular arrhythmias Myocardial ischemia Central Nervous System: Anxiety Restlessness Headache Dizziness Respiratory: Dyspnea Pulmonary edema (in rare cases) Others: Nausea or vomiting Local tissue necrosis if extravasated medicines.org.uk en.wikipedia.org +11 drugs.com +11 bjanaesthesia.org.uk +11 Note: Prompt recognition and management of adverse effects are critical, especially in an emergency setting.

ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS) Contraindications ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS)

Although adrenaline is life-saving, certain conditions and circumstances contraindicate its use or warrant extreme caution. Absolute Contraindications: No absolute contraindications in life-threatening situations such as cardiac arrest or anaphylaxis Relative Contraindications: Severe hypertension Hyperthyroidism Ischemic heart disease Angle-closure glaucoma Patients taking MAO inhibitors or tricyclic antidepressants Note: In all cases, the benefit-risk ratio must be considered before use, especially in non-life-threatening scenarios.

Storage of ADRENALINE (EPINEPHRINE) INJECTION 1:10,000 (MACARTHYS)

Proper storage of adrenaline injection ensures its stability and effectiveness during emergency use. Storage Instructions: Temperature: Store at 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F) Protection: Keep away from light; store in original packaging until use Do Not Freeze: Freezing may compromise the drug’s efficacy Inspection Before Use: Do not use if the solution is discolored or contains particulates Shelf Life: Follow the manufacturer’s expiry guidelines; discard any unused portion after opening Note: Keep out of reach of children and store in a secure, easily accessible area within the emergency trolley or crash cart.