ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05 Dialysis Fluid

What is ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05

ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05 is a specially formulated dialysis fluid used as part of a two-part dialysis solution in bicarbonate haemodialysis procedures. It is provided in a 5-liter can and is intended for use with a bicarbonate component to create the final dialysis solution.

• Formulation: Contains acetic acid, calcium chloride, magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium chloride.
• Purpose: This acid concentrate adjusts the electrolyte balance and acid-base levels in patients undergoing chronic haemodialysis due to renal failure.
• Usage: It is mixed with purified water and a bicarbonate solution through a dialysis machine before being administered to the patient during haemodialysis.
• Role in Dialysis: Works to maintain physiological concentrations of key electrolytes and helps in the removal of metabolic waste products, including urea, creatinine, and excess fluid.
• Safety: Formulated to minimize the risk of precipitation when mixed with bicarbonate solutions, ensuring safety and compatibility during dialysis.

This concentrate is essential in balancing pH and electrolytes and is tailored to meet the specific metabolic needs of patients with compromised kidney function.

How to use ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05

The usage of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05 is strictly regulated and must be managed by trained medical personnel in a dialysis unit.

• Step 1: Equipment Setup

  Connect the 5-liter can of acid concentrate to a haemodialysis machine equipped for two-component dialysate mixing.

• Step 2: Mixing Ratio

  Use in conjunction with bicarbonate concentrate and purified water in a specific volumetric ratio, typically 1 part acid concentrate, 1 part bicarbonate, and 34 parts purified water, depending on machine specifications.

• Step 3: Machine Calibration

  Ensure the dialysis machine is calibrated to deliver the final dialysate composition as prescribed, based on the patient’s clinical needs (e.g., serum potassium or calcium levels).

• Step 4: Monitoring

  Closely monitor the conductivity, pH, and temperature of the dialysate during the haemodialysis session. Also, monitor the patient’s vitals, electrolytes, and fluid balance.

• Step 5: Disposal

  Dispose of any unused acid concentrate and tubing according to local biohazard and chemical waste guidelines.

Do not use the concentrate directly in patients. It must be diluted and mixed using a dialysis machine. Misuse or improper dilution can lead to life-threatening electrolyte imbalances.

Mode of Action ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05

ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05 plays a critical role in restoring electrolyte and acid-base homeostasis in patients with end-stage renal disease undergoing haemodialysis.

• Acetic Acid:

  Serves as an acidifying agent, helping maintain the correct pH of the dialysate and contributing to the buffering system when metabolized to bicarbonate in the liver.

• Calcium Chloride:

  Provides essential calcium ions to prevent hypocalcemia, support bone health, and stabilize cardiac muscle contraction.

• Magnesium Chloride:

  Restores magnesium levels, which are important for neuromuscular function and electrolyte balance.

• Potassium Chloride:

  Replenishes potassium lost during dialysis and helps in maintaining myocardial and muscular activity.

• Sodium Chloride:

  Maintains osmotic balance and contributes to the overall sodium concentration in the dialysate, helping prevent hyponatremia.

The acid concentrate works synergistically with the bicarbonate component to create a dialysate that mimics physiological plasma, thus aiding in the removal of metabolic wastes and regulating body fluid and electrolyte balance.

ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05 Interactions ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05

As a medical solution for dialysis use, the acid concentrate itself is not directly administered but interacts with other dialysis components and patient medications through systemic effects.

• With Bicarbonate Concentrate:

  Designed to be used specifically with a bicarbonate component. Incorrect mixing ratios or incompatible solutions may alter pH, leading to metabolic complications.

• With Patient Medications:

  Electrolyte shifts induced by dialysis may alter the pharmacokinetics of certain medications:

  • Increased clearance of water-soluble drugs (e.g., aminoglycosides, lithium)
  • Potentiation of digoxin toxicity in patients with hypokalemia or hypomagnesemia
  • Need for dosing adjustments of antihypertensives or diuretics post-dialysis
• Other Interactions:

  Use with caution in patients receiving calcium supplements, potassium-sparing drugs, or magnesium-containing agents to avoid hypercalcemia, hyperkalemia, or hypermagnesemia.

Proper electrolyte monitoring and medical oversight are essential to prevent adverse outcomes due to systemic interactions during and after dialysis.

Dosage of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05

The dosage of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05 is not measured directly in milligrams or milliliters per patient but is administered based on fixed dilution protocols within the dialysis system.

• Standard Mixing Ratio:

  Typically mixed in a ratio of 1 part acid concentrate : 1 part bicarbonate concentrate : 34 parts purified water.

• Final Dialysate Volume:

  The final solution is prepared to deliver approximately 130–140 mEq/L sodium, 2.0–3.0 mEq/L potassium, 2.5–3.5 mEq/L calcium, and 0.5–1.0 mEq/L magnesium.

• Frequency:

  Used during each dialysis session (typically 3–4 times per week) based on the dialysis schedule determined by the nephrologist.

• Patient-Specific Adjustments:

  Dialysate composition may be modified based on laboratory values (e.g., serum K+, Ca2+, Mg2+), volume status, or comorbidities.

Only trained dialysis personnel should handle and adjust this concentrate. Patient safety relies heavily on precise calibration and mixture protocols.

Possible side effects of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05

When used properly through a dialysis machine, side effects from ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05 are minimal. However, if the final dialysate is improperly prepared or if patient monitoring is inadequate, the following adverse effects may occur:

• Electrolyte Imbalance:

  Hypokalemia or hyperkalemia, hypocalcemia or hypercalcemia, depending on patient response and dialysate composition.

• Metabolic Acidosis or Alkalosis:

  Improper balance of acid and bicarbonate components can lead to systemic acid-base disturbances.

• Cardiac Arrhythmias:

  Caused by shifts in potassium, calcium, or magnesium levels during dialysis.

• Muscle Cramps:

  Associated with rapid shifts in fluid and electrolytes during treatment.

• Hypotension:

  Common during dialysis, especially if the dialysate sodium is low.

All side effects should be monitored during dialysis sessions. Emergency protocols must be in place to address severe reactions.

ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05 Contraindications ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05

While this concentrate is generally safe when used properly, specific contraindications exist:

• Direct Administration:

  Never inject or infuse the concentrate directly into a patient. It is lethal in undiluted form.

• Hypersensitivity:

  Known allergy or hypersensitivity to any of the constituents (e.g., acetate, calcium, magnesium) is a contraindication.

• Severe Hyperkalemia or Hypercalcemia:

  Inappropriate potassium or calcium levels in the concentrate may worsen these conditions.

• Inadequate Equipment:

  Do not use without a properly calibrated dialysis machine capable of mixing dialysate safely.

Medical supervision is crucial to ensure patient safety, especially in patients with complex electrolyte management needs.

Storage of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05

Proper storage conditions are essential to maintain the chemical integrity and safety of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-05.

• Temperature:

  Store between 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Avoid exposure to freezing temperatures or excessive heat.

• Light Protection:

  Keep in original container, protected from direct sunlight and ultraviolet light.

• Seal Integrity:

  Ensure that the container is sealed properly until time of use. Do not use if the container is swollen, leaking, or has been tampered with.

• Shelf Life:

  Refer to the expiration date printed on the container. Do not use beyond this date.

• Handling:

  Handle with gloves and follow standard safety procedures when connecting to the dialysis machine.

Always follow institutional protocols for storage, rotation of stock, and disposal of unused concentrate to ensure consistent patient safety and efficacy.