50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA] Infusion/Solution for

What is 50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

50% Dextrose Injection USP [WELLPHARMA] is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, hypertonic intravenous (IV) solution containing dextrose monohydrate, equivalent to 50 grams of dextrose in 100 mL of water, provided in a 500 mL polypropylene bag. It is used primarily to treat hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), to provide a rapid source of energy in metabolic emergencies, and as part of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in specific clinical contexts.

• Generic Name: Dextrose (as monohydrate)
• Concentration: 50% w/v (i.e., 500 mg/mL)
• Form: Solution for Infusion
• Packaging: 500 mL Polypropylene Bag
• Manufacturer: Wellpharma

This solution is classified as a high-concentration carbohydrate solution. It is primarily used in hospital settings under the supervision of a healthcare provider. Because of its hypertonic nature, it must be administered with caution to avoid complications such as vein irritation or tissue damage if extravasation occurs.

• Clinical Uses:
  • Severe hypoglycemia (especially in unconscious patients)
  • As an adjunct in hyperkalemia management (with insulin)
  • Emergency source of calories in critically ill patients
• Not a maintenance fluid: This product is not suitable for fluid replacement or maintenance hydration due to its high osmolarity.

How to use 50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

Administration of 50% Dextrose Injection USP [WELLPHARMA] must be done cautiously, as it is a highly concentrated hypertonic solution. It is intended for use under direct medical supervision, typically in emergency or hospital settings. The product is administered intravenously, preferably through a central line if large volumes are required, or via a large peripheral vein if used as a bolus.

• Route: Intravenous infusion (IV) only
• Preparation:
  • Inspect the bag for any particulate matter or discoloration before use.
  • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or contains precipitates.
• Infusion Guidelines:
  • Administer slowly via IV push in small volumes when treating hypoglycemia.
  • Do not infuse rapidly or in large volumes unless specifically indicated.
  • Use aseptic technique to prevent contamination.
• Monitoring:
  • Monitor blood glucose levels closely during and after administration.
  • In hyperkalemia management, combine with insulin under strict monitoring of potassium levels.
  • Watch for signs of phlebitis, thrombosis, or extravasation at the injection site.

After use, properly dispose of any unused portion. Do not save for later administration, as the solution is intended for single-use only.

Mode of Action 50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

50% Dextrose Injection USP acts primarily as a rapidly available source of glucose, which is the body's primary energy substrate. When administered intravenously, dextrose is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream, where it is utilized by tissues and organs to generate ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which fuels various cellular processes.

• Cellular Metabolism:
  • Glucose is taken up by cells through glucose transporters (e.g., GLUT1, GLUT4).
  • Inside cells, it undergoes glycolysis and then oxidative phosphorylation (under aerobic conditions) or fermentation (under anaerobic conditions).
  • This generates energy (ATP) needed for cellular activities.
• Brain Function:
  • The brain depends heavily on glucose for energy.
  • In cases of hypoglycemia, rapid glucose administration restores cerebral function and prevents permanent damage.
• Electrolyte Balance (with insulin):
  • In hyperkalemia treatment, insulin is used to shift potassium into cells.
  • Dextrose is administered to prevent hypoglycemia that could result from insulin use.

The solution itself does not require digestion or enzymatic breakdown; it enters the bloodstream in its usable form. This allows for an immediate therapeutic effect, especially crucial in emergencies.

50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA] Interactions 50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

50% Dextrose Injection USP [WELLPHARMA] may interact with other medications or medical conditions, potentially affecting its efficacy or increasing the risk of adverse effects. These interactions should be considered carefully, especially in critical care or emergency settings.

• Drugs that interact:
  • Insulin: Concurrent use lowers blood glucose levels further. Dextrose is often administered with insulin in hyperkalemia treatment.
  • Diuretics (e.g., furosemide): May cause electrolyte imbalances, which can be exacerbated by dextrose administration.
  • Corticosteroids: Can increase blood glucose levels and may counteract the hypoglycemia-treating effects of dextrose.
  • Phenytoin: High dextrose concentrations may reduce phenytoin solubility and compatibility in IV lines.
• Electrolyte Imbalances:
  • Dextrose infusions can dilute plasma electrolytes, especially sodium and potassium.
  • Always monitor serum electrolyte levels, particularly in patients receiving long-term infusions.
• Underlying Conditions:
  • Patients with diabetes mellitus must be carefully monitored for hyperglycemia.
  • Use with caution in renal or cardiac patients due to fluid overload risks.

Ensure compatibility when co-administering through the same IV line. Use dedicated lines or Y-site compatibility checks when mixing drugs with hypertonic dextrose solutions.

Dosage of 50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

The dosage of 50% Dextrose Injection USP must be individualized based on the patient’s clinical status, age, and medical indication. Dextrose is a potent agent and should be dosed cautiously to avoid complications such as hyperglycemia or phlebitis.

• For Hypoglycemia (Emergency use):
  • Adults: 25–50 mL of 50% Dextrose IV push (i.e., 12.5–25 grams of dextrose).
  • Children: Lower concentration preferred (e.g., 10–25%); dose varies based on body weight.
• For Hyperkalemia (with insulin):
  • Usually, 50 mL of 50% Dextrose IV is given concurrently with 10 units of regular insulin IV.
  • Monitor potassium and glucose levels closely.
• As Nutritional Supplement (short-term use):
  • Used as part of total parenteral nutrition (TPN) in specific clinical settings.
  • Infused slowly with proper monitoring; not recommended for long-term standalone use.

Dosage must be adjusted in patients with renal or hepatic impairment. Frequent glucose monitoring is necessary during therapy.

Possible side effects of 50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

While 50% Dextrose Injection is lifesaving in hypoglycemia, it carries potential side effects, especially with improper use or prolonged administration.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Injection site irritation or pain
  • Vein inflammation (phlebitis)
  • Transient hyperglycemia
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Extravasation leading to tissue necrosis
  • Hyperosmolar syndrome
  • Pulmonary edema (from fluid overload)
  • Electrolyte disturbances (hypokalemia, hyponatremia)
• Allergic Reactions: Rare, but can include:
  • Rash or itching
  • Difficulty breathing
  • Facial or throat swelling

Continuous monitoring and proper administration techniques can minimize these risks. Always alert healthcare providers to any unexpected reactions during infusion.

50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA] Contraindications 50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

50% Dextrose Injection USP is contraindicated in specific clinical situations where its administration could worsen the patient’s condition.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Severe hyperglycemia (e.g., in uncontrolled diabetes)
  • Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage
  • Anuria (complete absence of urine output)
• Relative Contraindications:
  • Hypersensitivity to dextrose or corn-derived products
  • Severe dehydration without electrolyte correction
  • Delirium tremens if the patient is dehydrated
• Precautionary Use:
  • Renal or hepatic insufficiency
  • Heart failure or fluid overload states
  • Diabetic patients not receiving insulin coverage

Always evaluate the patient’s baseline glucose and fluid status before administration. Adjust therapy accordingly to prevent complications.

Storage of 50% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP [WELLPHARMA]

Proper storage of 50% Dextrose Injection USP is essential to maintain its sterility, chemical integrity, and efficacy. The solution must be stored according to manufacturer recommendations and regulatory standards.

• Temperature:
  • Store at controlled room temperature: 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F)
  • Avoid exposure to extreme heat or freezing temperatures
• Light Protection:
  • Protect from direct sunlight and excessive light exposure
• Packaging Considerations:
  • Do not use if the bag is damaged, leaking, or shows signs of contamination
  • Single-use only—discard any unused portion
• Handling:
  • Inspect the solution visually prior to administration
  • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or contains visible particulates

Ensure the storage area is clean, dry, and secure, in compliance with hospital or pharmacy standards. Always follow local regulations for disposal of unused or expired medical solutions.