5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP is a sterile, aqueous intravenous solution containing 5% dextrose (as monohydrate) in water, supplied typically in a 1000ml plastic bag for infusion. It serves as an important source of fluids and calories when oral intake is inadequate or impossible. The solution provides water to hydrate cells and glucose as a readily utilizable energy source, making it essential in medical scenarios such as dehydration, hypoglycemia, and during parenteral nutrition.

• Active Ingredient: Dextrose (monohydrate) 5% w/v
• Form: Clear, colorless isotonic solution suitable for intravenous infusion
• Indications: Rehydration, energy supplementation, treatment of hypoglycemia, maintenance fluid therapy
• Benefits: Supplies free water and calories; supports cellular metabolism and prevents catabolism
• Use in clinical settings: Widely used in hospitals for patients unable to maintain oral intake, or requiring intravenous glucose for energy

How to use 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Administering 5% Dextrose Injection USP requires attention to proper technique and patient-specific considerations to ensure safe and effective therapy.

• Administration Route: Intravenous infusion, via peripheral or central venous access as clinically appropriate.
• Preparation: Inspect the solution for clarity, absence of particles, and intact packaging prior to use.
• Infusion Rate: Adjust based on patient's fluid and glucose requirements; typically started at a slow rate to avoid fluid overload or hyperglycemia.
• Compatibility: Verify compatibility if mixing or co-infusing with other medications; some drugs may be incompatible with dextrose solutions.
• Monitoring: Regularly monitor blood glucose, electrolyte levels, fluid status, and infusion site for signs of irritation or complications.
• Duration: Usually employed for short to medium term therapy; prolonged use may require supplementation with electrolytes or other nutrients.

Mode of Action 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The primary therapeutic effects of 5% Dextrose Injection USP are derived from its glucose content and fluid delivery properties:

• Energy Source: Dextrose is metabolized intracellularly to produce ATP, the vital energy currency for cellular processes.
• Hydration: Initially isotonic, after glucose metabolism, free water distributes into intracellular and extracellular compartments, restoring hydration.
• Blood Glucose Maintenance: Prevents or treats hypoglycemia by providing an exogenous glucose supply.
• Fluid and Electrolyte Balance: Supports intravascular volume and osmotic equilibrium, maintaining blood pressure and organ perfusion.

5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While generally safe, 5% Dextrose Injection USP can interact with various drugs and clinical conditions that require caution:

• Insulin and Hypoglycemic Agents: Dextrose infusion may reduce the effectiveness of antidiabetic drugs and necessitate dose adjustments.
• Diuretics: Co-administration may exacerbate electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia or hyponatremia.
• Intravenous Medications: Some drugs are incompatible with dextrose solutions; always check for chemical compatibility before mixing.
• Digoxin: Electrolyte disturbances induced by infusion can increase the risk of digoxin toxicity.
• Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Use cautiously with careful blood glucose monitoring to avoid hyperglycemia.

Dosage of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Dosage should be individualized based on the patient’s age, clinical condition, fluid status, and metabolic needs:

• Adults: Infusion rates typically range from 50 to 125 ml/hour; can be adjusted per patient response and needs.
• Children and Infants: Dosing based on body weight and metabolic requirements; careful monitoring of glucose and hydration status is critical.
• Patients with Renal or Cardiac Impairment: Use lower infusion rates to avoid fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances.
• Monitoring: Regular assessments of blood glucose, electrolytes, and volume status are necessary to guide dosage adjustments.
• Duration: Short-term therapy is preferred; for prolonged use, electrolyte supplementation and nutritional support may be required.

Possible side effects of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Adverse effects are uncommon when used appropriately but can include:

• Local Site Reactions: Pain, redness, or inflammation at the infusion site.
• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood sugar levels, particularly in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Fluid Overload: Can lead to edema, hypertension, or pulmonary congestion, especially in vulnerable patients.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Dilutional hyponatremia or other disturbances due to free water load.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare, but may include rash or hypersensitivity reactions.
• Metabolic Complications: Acid-base imbalance or osmotic shifts in certain patients.

5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Administration is contraindicated or requires caution in the following conditions:

• Known Hypersensitivity: Allergy to dextrose or any formulation components.
• Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia: Infusion may worsen glucose control.
• Severe Water Depletion with Hypernatremia: Use of isotonic or electrolyte-containing fluids is preferred.
• Fluid Overload Conditions: Including congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, and renal failure.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure: Free water load may exacerbate cerebral edema.

Storage of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

To maintain efficacy and safety, observe the following storage conditions:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, preferably between 20°C and 25°C (68°F–77°F).
• Protection from Light: Keep away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.
• Packaging: Retain in the original sealed plastic bag until use to ensure sterility.
• Inspection: Check solution clarity and integrity of the bag before administration. Do not use if cloudy or containing particulates.
• Expiration: Use before the expiration date marked on the packaging.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused or expired solution according to medical waste regulations.