5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP is a sterile intravenous infusion solution containing 5% w/v dextrose (glucose) in water. Supplied in a 500ml plastic bag, this solution is used primarily to provide a source of calories and free water to patients who require fluid and energy replenishment via parenteral routes. It is commonly employed in hospital settings for hydration, treatment of hypoglycemia, or as a vehicle for other intravenous medications.

• Active ingredient: Dextrose (as monohydrate) at 5% concentration.
• Form: Clear, colorless isotonic solution suitable for intravenous administration.
• Indications: Used for fluid replacement, energy supply, prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia, and as maintenance fluid therapy.
• Advantages: Provides both hydration and glucose, essential for metabolic needs when oral intake is not possible.

How to use 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper administration of 5% Dextrose Injection USP is essential to ensure therapeutic effectiveness and patient safety.

• Route: Administer intravenously via peripheral or central venous catheter depending on patient condition and vein quality.
• Preparation: Inspect solution for clarity and integrity of the packaging. Do not use if solution is cloudy, discolored, or contains particulates.
• Infusion rate: Adjust rate according to patient’s hydration status, glucose needs, and clinical condition. Avoid rapid infusion to prevent hyperglycemia and fluid overload.
• Compatibility: Confirm compatibility if co-administering with other IV drugs to prevent precipitation or interaction.
• Monitoring: Regularly monitor blood glucose levels, fluid balance, electrolyte status, and signs of adverse effects during infusion.
• Duration: Typically used short term but can be adjusted based on clinical response and nutritional requirements.

Mode of Action 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effect of 5% Dextrose Injection USP is primarily due to the metabolic utilization of glucose and its fluid replacement properties:

• Energy Provision: Dextrose is metabolized in cells to produce ATP, the body’s primary energy currency, supporting cellular functions and preventing catabolism.
• Hydration: The solution is initially isotonic; after glucose is metabolized, free water remains to hydrate intracellular and extracellular compartments.
• Maintenance of Blood Glucose: Prevents hypoglycemia by supplying exogenous glucose, critical in patients unable to ingest or absorb nutrients orally.
• Osmotic Properties: Helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance, indirectly supporting blood pressure and organ perfusion.

5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While generally safe, 5% Dextrose Injection USP may interact with certain drugs and clinical conditions:

• Insulin and Hypoglycemic Agents: May reduce the effectiveness of blood sugar-lowering drugs by increasing plasma glucose levels.
• Diuretics: May exacerbate electrolyte imbalances when used concomitantly.
• Intravenous Medications: Potential incompatibility with certain IV drugs requires verification before co-administration.
• Digoxin: Electrolyte disturbances caused by glucose infusion can increase digoxin toxicity risk.
• Patients with Diabetes Mellitus: Use with caution; monitor blood glucose closely to avoid hyperglycemia.

Dosage of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The dosage of 5% Dextrose Injection USP depends on individual patient requirements, fluid status, and clinical indications:

• Adults: Infusion rates typically range from 50 to 125 ml/hour but must be individualized.
• Children: Dose based on weight and clinical status, with careful monitoring of glucose and fluid balance.
• Elderly and Renal-Impaired Patients: Use lower infusion rates to prevent fluid overload and electrolyte imbalance.
• Monitoring: Regular assessment of blood glucose, electrolytes, and signs of fluid overload is mandatory to guide dosing.
• Duration: Usually administered as short-term therapy; extended use requires monitoring and possible supplementation with other nutrients.

Possible side effects of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

When used appropriately, 5% Dextrose Injection USP is generally well tolerated, but potential adverse effects include:

• Local Reactions: Phlebitis, pain, or inflammation at the infusion site.
• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood sugar levels, especially in patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance.
• Fluid Overload: May cause edema, hypertension, or pulmonary congestion, particularly in patients with heart or kidney disease.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Hyponatremia or other disturbances due to dilutional effects or osmotic shifts.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare hypersensitivity reactions, including rash or anaphylaxis.
• Metabolic Disturbances: Acid-base imbalance or other metabolic complications in susceptible individuals.

5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Certain situations require avoidance or caution when administering this infusion:

• Known Hypersensitivity: Allergy to dextrose or any components of the solution.
• Hyperglycemia or Uncontrolled Diabetes: Infusion may worsen glucose control.
• Severe Water Depletion with Hypernatremia: When isotonic or electrolyte-containing solutions are more appropriate.
• Fluid Overload States: Congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, or renal insufficiency.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure: Free water load may exacerbate cerebral edema.

Storage of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

To maintain the quality and safety of 5% Dextrose Injection USP, adhere to proper storage guidelines:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, ideally between 20°C and 25°C (68°F–77°F).
• Protection from Light: Keep solution away from direct sunlight to prevent degradation.
• Packaging: Keep in the original sealed plastic bag until ready for use to maintain sterility.
• Inspection: Prior to administration, check for clarity, color changes, or particulate matter. Do not use if compromised.
• Expiration: Use before the expiration date marked on the packaging.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused or expired solutions in accordance with local medical waste regulations.