5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP is a sterile, isotonic intravenous solution containing 5 grams of dextrose (as monohydrate) per 100 milliliters of water for injection. Supplied in a 250ml plastic bag, this infusion provides a source of glucose and free water to patients requiring parenteral nutrition or fluid replacement. It is widely used in clinical practice for maintaining hydration, preventing hypoglycemia, and as a vehicle for other intravenous medications.

• Composition: Contains 5% w/v dextrose (glucose) in sterile water.
• Purpose: Supplies calories, prevents dehydration, and maintains plasma glucose levels.
• Indications: Used in patients unable to take oral fluids or nutrition, for treating hypoglycemia, or as maintenance fluid therapy.
• Formulation: Clear, colorless solution suitable for intravenous infusion.

How to use 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Administration of 5% Dextrose Injection USP must be carefully controlled and monitored by healthcare professionals to ensure safety and efficacy.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion via peripheral or central venous catheter, depending on patient needs.
• Preparation: Inspect the solution for clarity and integrity of the bag before use; do not use if cloudy or containing particles.
• Infusion Rate: Individualized based on patient condition, nutritional needs, and fluid status. Typical rates vary but should avoid rapid glucose infusion to prevent hyperglycemia.
• Compatibility: Check compatibility if co-administering with other IV drugs to avoid precipitation or adverse reactions.
• Monitoring: Regularly monitor blood glucose levels, electrolytes, fluid balance, and signs of adverse effects during infusion.
• Duration: Used as short-term therapy unless longer administration is clinically indicated.

Mode of Action 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effects of 5% Dextrose Injection USP stem from the metabolic utilization of glucose and the osmotic properties of the solution:

• Energy Source: Dextrose is metabolized via glycolysis to produce ATP, providing essential energy to cells and tissues, especially in patients unable to obtain glucose orally.
• Fluid Balance: Initially isotonic, the dextrose is metabolized, leaving free water which equilibrates between intracellular and extracellular compartments, aiding in hydration.
• Glycemic Maintenance: Supports blood glucose levels, preventing hypoglycemia and reducing protein catabolism.
• Osmotic Effect: The solution’s osmolarity facilitates distribution of water, which helps maintain cellular and vascular volume.

5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Injection USP may interact with various drugs and medical conditions, necessitating cautious use:

• Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemics: May counteract hypoglycemic therapies by increasing blood glucose levels.
• Diuretics: Combined use can alter electrolyte balance, increasing the risk of imbalances.
• Intravenous Medications: Confirm compatibility to avoid precipitation or degradation when mixed with other IV drugs.
• Digoxin: Electrolyte disturbances caused by glucose metabolism may potentiate digoxin toxicity.
• Patients with Diabetes or Hyperglycemia: Requires close monitoring to prevent exacerbation of hyperglycemia.

Dosage of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The dosage and infusion rate should be tailored to the individual patient’s clinical status, nutritional needs, and metabolic capacity:

• Adults: Typical infusion rates range between 25 to 125 ml/hour, adjusted according to hydration status and glucose requirements.
• Children: Weight-based dosing with careful monitoring of blood glucose and fluid status.
• Elderly and Renally Impaired Patients: Lower infusion rates to prevent fluid overload and electrolyte disturbances.
• Duration: Usually administered short-term; long-term use requires close monitoring and additional nutritional support.
• Monitoring: Continuous assessment of blood glucose, electrolytes, and fluid balance is essential to guide therapy.

Possible side effects of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

When administered appropriately, 5% Dextrose Injection USP is generally well tolerated. However, potential adverse effects include:

• Local Reactions: Pain, inflammation, or phlebitis at the infusion site.
• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood glucose, especially in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Fluid Overload: Risk of edema, hypertension, or pulmonary congestion, particularly in patients with compromised cardiac or renal function.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Possible hyponatremia due to dilutional effects or shifts in fluid compartments.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare cases of hypersensitivity, including rash or anaphylaxis.
• Metabolic Disturbances: Acid-base imbalance or electrolyte shifts may occur depending on patient condition.

5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Certain conditions contraindicate or warrant caution when administering 5% Dextrose Injection USP:

• Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to dextrose or any formulation component.
• Hyperglycemia and Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: Infusion may exacerbate elevated blood glucose.
• Severe Water Depletion: When isotonic fluids with electrolytes are preferred.
• Fluid Overload Conditions: Including congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, or renal insufficiency.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure: Free water administration may worsen cerebral edema.

Storage of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage maintains the solution’s stability and safety:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C). Avoid freezing or excessive heat.
• Packaging: Keep in original sealed plastic bag until use to prevent contamination.
• Light Protection: Protect from prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
• Inspection: Examine for discoloration, particulates, or leaks before administration.
• Expiration: Use before the expiration date printed on the packaging.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused or expired solution according to medical waste regulations.