5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Infusion [PSI] is a sterile intravenous solution containing 5% dextrose (as monohydrate) dissolved in sterile water, supplied in a 100ml plastic bag. This infusion is commonly used in clinical settings to provide patients with a source of energy through glucose supplementation and to maintain fluid balance. It is particularly useful for patients who cannot take oral nutrition or fluids, either due to surgery, illness, or other medical conditions.

• Composition: 5 grams of dextrose per 100 ml solution.
• Purpose: Supplies calories and free water to patients; aids in maintaining hydration and energy levels.
• Indications: Treatment of hypoglycemia, dehydration, or as a carrier fluid for other medications administered intravenously.
• Formulation: Comes as a clear, colorless solution in a plastic bag suitable for intravenous infusion.

How to use 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Administration of 5% Dextrose Infusion [PSI] should be done under medical supervision, following strict aseptic techniques and monitoring protocols to ensure safety and effectiveness.

• Route: Administer intravenously, typically through a peripheral or central venous catheter depending on patient condition and duration of therapy.
• Preparation: Inspect the bag for leaks, cloudiness, or particulate matter prior to use. Do not use if solution appears compromised.
• Infusion Rate: The rate should be individualized based on the patient’s fluid and glucose requirements, clinical status, and tolerance.
• Compatibility: Verify compatibility if co-administering with other IV drugs to avoid physical or chemical incompatibilities.
• Monitoring: Monitor blood glucose levels, fluid balance, and electrolytes regularly during infusion to prevent complications.
• Duration: Typically used short-term unless guided by clinical necessity and patient response.

Mode of Action 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic benefit of 5% Dextrose Infusion [PSI] arises from the metabolic and osmotic effects of its glucose content:

• Energy Provision: Dextrose is rapidly taken up by cells and metabolized through glycolysis, providing essential ATP, which fuels cellular activities.
• Hydration: Supplies free water that distributes evenly into intracellular and extracellular compartments, correcting dehydration.
• Osmolarity: Initially isotonic; as glucose is metabolized, the solution becomes hypotonic, encouraging intracellular hydration.
• Glucose Homeostasis: Helps maintain blood glucose levels, particularly in fasting or critically ill patients, preventing protein breakdown and maintaining organ function.

5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Although 5% Dextrose Infusion is generally safe, certain drug and condition interactions require attention:

• Insulin and Antidiabetic Drugs: Infusion can elevate blood glucose, potentially opposing hypoglycemic therapies.
• Diuretics: Electrolyte imbalances may be worsened when combined with diuretics, demanding close monitoring.
• Intravenous Medications: Always confirm compatibility before mixing with other IV drugs to avoid precipitation or inactivation.
• Digoxin: Electrolyte shifts caused by dextrose metabolism can potentiate digoxin toxicity.
• Conditions like Hyperglycemia or Diabetes: Use cautiously as glucose administration can worsen glycemic control.

Dosage of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Dosage depends on the patient’s age, weight, clinical condition, and metabolic requirements:

• Adults: Administer as maintenance fluid or for hypoglycemia correction. Infusion rate typically varies between 25-125 ml/hour but should be individualized.
• Pediatrics: Dose is weight-based and requires careful monitoring of blood glucose and fluid status.
• Special Populations: Adjustments necessary for patients with cardiac or renal impairment to avoid fluid overload.
• Duration: Usually short-term unless ongoing glucose supplementation is medically indicated.
• Monitoring: Blood glucose, electrolytes, and fluid balance should guide dose and infusion rate adjustments.

Possible side effects of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

When properly administered, side effects are uncommon but can include:

• Local Reactions: Pain, swelling, or phlebitis at the infusion site.
• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood glucose, particularly in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Fluid Overload: May cause edema, hypertension, or pulmonary congestion in vulnerable patients.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Potential disturbances like hyponatremia due to fluid shifts.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare but can include rash or anaphylaxis.
• Metabolic Imbalances: Occasionally metabolic acidosis or alkalosis, depending on patient factors.

5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

This infusion should be avoided or used with caution in certain conditions:

• Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to dextrose or any component of the infusion.
• Hyperglycemia: Patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or elevated blood glucose levels.
• Severe dehydration from water loss: Where isotonic or electrolyte-containing fluids are preferable.
• Fluid Overload States: Congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, or renal failure.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure: Free water may exacerbate cerebral edema.

Storage of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage ensures the stability and sterility of the infusion:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature (20-25°C). Protect from freezing or excessive heat.
• Packaging: Keep in original sealed plastic bag until use to avoid contamination.
• Light Exposure: Protect from prolonged direct sunlight.
• Inspection: Check for particulates, discoloration, or damage before administration.
• Expiration: Use before the expiry date printed on the packaging.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused or expired infusion according to medical waste guidelines.