5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose Infusion [PSI] is a sterile intravenous solution containing 5% dextrose (as monohydrate) in water. It is supplied in a 50ml plastic bag and serves as a source of energy and fluid replacement in clinical settings. This solution provides glucose, an essential carbohydrate, which is metabolized by cells to generate energy.

• Composition: Contains 5 grams of dextrose per 100 ml, making it isotonic initially.
• Purpose: Used to supply calories and maintain hydration in patients unable to take oral nutrition or fluids.
• Clinical Uses: Commonly used for prevention and treatment of hypoglycemia, as a maintenance fluid in cases of dehydration, and as a vehicle for intravenous drug administration.
• Formulation: Comes in a convenient 50ml plastic bag suitable for small volume infusion or bolus administration.

How to use 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The administration of 5% Dextrose Infusion requires careful handling and monitoring to ensure patient safety and therapeutic efficacy.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion via peripheral or central vein depending on therapy duration and patient condition.
• Preparation: Inspect the bag for clarity, leaks, or particulates before use. Do not use if compromised.
• Infusion Rate: Adjust infusion rate based on patient's hydration status, blood glucose levels, and clinical condition. Typically infused slowly unless a rapid glucose supply is needed.
• Compatibility: Verify compatibility before co-administering with other intravenous medications to avoid precipitation or loss of efficacy.
• Monitoring: Monitor blood glucose, fluid balance, and electrolytes regularly during infusion to prevent complications such as hyperglycemia or fluid overload.

Mode of Action 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effects of 5% Dextrose Infusion are primarily derived from its glucose content and the associated hydration it provides.

• Energy Source: Dextrose is rapidly metabolized by cells to produce ATP, the body's main energy currency, supporting cellular functions.
• Hydration: Supplies free water, which distributes across intracellular and extracellular spaces, correcting dehydration and maintaining fluid balance.
• Osmolarity: Initially isotonic, the dextrose metabolism results in a hypotonic solution, promoting intracellular hydration.
• Metabolic Role: Maintains plasma glucose levels during fasting or stress, preventing protein catabolism and supporting brain and organ function.

5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Potential interactions with medications and conditions should be considered to avoid adverse effects:

• Insulin and Oral Hypoglycemics: Dextrose infusion may counteract antidiabetic medications, increasing blood glucose levels.
• Diuretics: Electrolyte disturbances may be exacerbated when used with diuretics, requiring close monitoring.
• Intravenous Drugs: Check compatibility before mixing with other IV drugs to prevent precipitation or loss of efficacy.
• Cardiac Glycosides (e.g., Digoxin): Electrolyte shifts induced by dextrose metabolism may potentiate digoxin toxicity.
• Patients with Impaired Glucose Metabolism: Use cautiously to avoid hyperglycemia or glucose fluctuations.

Dosage of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The dose of 5% Dextrose Infusion depends on the clinical context, patient’s age, weight, and metabolic needs.

• Adults: Typically used as maintenance fluid or for hypoglycemia correction. The volume and rate depend on hydration status and glucose needs.
• Pediatrics: Dosing calculated according to weight and clinical situation, with frequent glucose monitoring.
• Infusion Rate: Usually ranges between 25-125 ml per hour but must be individualized.
• Special Populations: Reduced volume or slower rates in patients with heart or kidney impairment to avoid fluid overload.
• Monitoring: Blood glucose, fluid balance, and electrolytes should guide dose adjustments.

Possible side effects of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Adverse effects are uncommon when administered correctly but may include:

• Local Reactions: Pain, swelling, or phlebitis at the infusion site.
• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood sugar levels, especially in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Fluid Overload: Risk of edema, hypertension, and pulmonary congestion in susceptible individuals.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Potential hyponatremia or other disturbances due to fluid shifts.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare, including rash or anaphylaxis.
• Metabolic Acidosis/Alkalosis: Rare and related to patient-specific conditions or infusion misuse.

5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Contraindications to this infusion include:

• Known hypersensitivity to dextrose or any component of the solution.
• Hyperglycemia or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, where glucose administration could worsen the condition.
• Severe dehydration due to water loss, where isotonic or hypotonic fluids are inappropriate.
• Severe fluid overload states, such as congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema.
• Increased intracranial pressure, where free water might exacerbate cerebral edema.

Storage of 5% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is essential to maintain product stability and safety:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, typically 20-25°C (68-77°F). Avoid freezing or excessive heat.
• Packaging: Keep the solution in the original sealed plastic bag until use to prevent contamination.
• Light Exposure: Protect from prolonged exposure to direct sunlight.
• Inspection: Prior to administration, inspect for particulate matter, discoloration, or damage to the bag.
• Expiration: Use only within the expiry date printed on the packaging.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused or expired solution according to medical waste regulations.