5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI] Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

5% Dextrose Infusion [PSI] is a sterile intravenous solution consisting of 5% dextrose (as monohydrate) dissolved in sterile water. Supplied in a 500ml non-PVC bag, it is primarily used to provide fluids and calories to patients who are unable to take adequate nutrition or fluids orally. This solution serves as a source of water and carbohydrate energy, playing a vital role in clinical hydration and nutritional support.

• Composition: Contains 5 grams of dextrose per 100ml, providing a total of 25 grams of glucose in a 500ml bag.
• Purpose: Supplies free water to maintain hydration and glucose for energy metabolism.
• Clinical Use: Commonly administered in dehydration, hypoglycemia prevention, and maintenance fluid therapy.
• Non-PVC Bag: The use of a non-PVC bag limits exposure to plasticizers like DEHP, making it safer for sensitive patients including neonates and pregnant women.
• Physical Characteristics: Initially isotonic, but metabolization of glucose converts the solution to a hypotonic state.

How to use 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

The administration of 5% Dextrose Infusion requires careful consideration and monitoring:

• Route: Administered intravenously through a peripheral or central venous catheter, depending on the patient’s condition and duration of infusion.
• Preparation: Inspect the solution bag for clarity, absence of particulates, leaks, or discoloration prior to use.
• Infusion Rate: The rate is individualized; commonly, it ranges between 50 and 150 ml per hour based on patient hydration status and metabolic needs.
• Monitoring: Frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels, fluid balance, and electrolytes is essential to avoid complications.
• Compatibility: Confirm compatibility before co-administering with other intravenous drugs to prevent precipitation or inactivation.
• Duration: Infuse until oral intake is adequate or clinical conditions improve, with regular reassessment.

Mode of Action 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

The therapeutic effects arise primarily from the glucose and water content:

• Energy Provision: Dextrose is metabolized by cells to produce energy via glycolysis, serving as a vital source of calories to prevent catabolism.
• Hydration: The aqueous component provides free water that disperses throughout extracellular and intracellular compartments, supporting fluid balance.
• Osmolarity: Initially isotonic, the metabolism of glucose leaves free water, making the solution hypotonic and promoting intracellular hydration.
• Metabolic Role: Helps maintain blood glucose levels during fasting or stress, reducing protein breakdown and supporting vital organ function.

5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI] Interactions 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

This infusion can interact with certain medications and patient conditions, necessitating vigilance:

• Insulin and Antidiabetics: Dextrose elevates blood glucose, potentially diminishing the effect of antidiabetic medications.
• Diuretics: Electrolyte imbalances may be exacerbated when combined with diuretics.
• Cardiac Glycosides: Changes in potassium levels secondary to glucose metabolism can increase toxicity risk of drugs like digoxin.
• Intravenous Drugs: Always check compatibility prior to co-infusion to prevent chemical incompatibilities or precipitation.
• Patients with Impaired Glucose Tolerance: Use cautiously to prevent hyperglycemia or fluctuations in blood sugar.

Dosage of 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

The dose depends on patient needs, clinical situation, and tolerance:

• Adults: Maintenance fluids typically range from 1000 to 3000 ml per day; the exact volume depends on hydration status, caloric requirements, and comorbidities.
• Pediatric Use: Dose is calculated according to weight and clinical indication with close monitoring of glucose and fluid status.
• Infusion Rate: Usually between 50 to 150 ml/hr, adjusted based on clinical response and laboratory monitoring.
• Special Considerations: Adjust volume and rate in patients with renal or cardiac impairment to avoid overload.
• Monitoring: Blood glucose and electrolytes must be checked regularly to guide therapy.

Possible side effects of 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

While generally safe, some adverse effects may occur, especially if improperly administered:

• Local Reactions: Phlebitis, pain, or inflammation at the infusion site.
• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood glucose levels, particularly in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Fluid Overload: Risk of edema, hypertension, and pulmonary congestion, especially in those with compromised cardiac or renal function.
• Electrolyte Disturbances: Hyponatremia or imbalances related to fluid shifts.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare hypersensitivity, including rash or anaphylaxis.
• Metabolic Issues: Possible acid-base imbalance if infusion is mismatched to patient needs.

5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI] Contraindications 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

This solution should not be used in the following conditions:

• Hypersensitivity: To dextrose or any component of the solution.
• Hyperglycemia or Uncontrolled Diabetes: Could worsen glycemic control.
• Severe Fluid Overload States: Such as congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure: Risk of exacerbating cerebral edema due to free water content.
• Conditions such as Lactic or Ketoacidosis: Without correcting the underlying cause.

Storage of 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

Proper storage ensures the solution remains effective and safe:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, typically 20-25°C (68-77°F). Avoid freezing or excessive heat.
• Packaging: Keep in original non-PVC bag until use to prevent contamination and preserve stability.
• Light Exposure: Protect from excessive light to avoid degradation.
• Inspection: Check solution for clarity and absence of particulates before administration.
• Expiration: Use prior to the expiry date printed on the bag.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused or expired bags according to medical waste regulations.