5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI] Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

5% Dextrose Infusion [PSI] is a sterile, intravenous solution containing 5% dextrose (as monohydrate) dissolved in water, supplied in a 100ml non-PVC bag. This infusion serves primarily as a source of fluid and energy, especially in clinical settings where patients cannot consume oral nutrition. It is a clear, isotonic solution initially, which becomes hypotonic once the dextrose is metabolized.

• Composition: 5 grams of dextrose per 100 ml of solution, providing a 5% concentration.
• Purpose: It delivers free water and calories in the form of glucose to meet basal metabolic needs and maintain hydration.
• Clinical Use: Used to treat dehydration, hypoglycemia, and as maintenance fluid therapy in patients unable to take oral fluids.
• Additional Roles: It serves as a vehicle for intravenous medications and helps in preventing catabolism during fasting or illness.
• Packaging: The non-PVC bag reduces the risk of plasticizer leaching and makes it safer for sensitive patient populations.

How to use 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

The infusion should be administered under strict medical supervision with attention to patient status:

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion via a suitable venous access device, either peripheral or central line depending on duration and patient condition.
• Preparation: Inspect the infusion bag to ensure clarity, absence of particulates, and intact packaging before use.
• Infusion Rate: Typically infused slowly, the rate depends on clinical indication and patient tolerance; commonly between 50 to 150 ml per hour.
• Compatibility: Verify compatibility with any other intravenous medications administered concurrently to avoid precipitation or inactivation.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of blood glucose, fluid balance, and electrolyte levels is essential to avoid complications.
• Duration: Continue infusion until oral intake resumes or as clinically indicated, with periodic reassessment of patient condition.

Mode of Action 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

The therapeutic effects of 5% Dextrose Infusion stem mainly from its glucose content and its fluid properties:

• Energy Supply: Dextrose is rapidly absorbed by cells and metabolized through glycolysis to produce ATP, the main energy currency in cells.
• Hydration: The aqueous solution provides free water which distributes across the body’s compartments, aiding in hydration of intracellular and extracellular spaces.
• Osmolarity Changes: The infusion is initially isotonic, but as dextrose is metabolized, the remaining free water creates a hypotonic environment, which helps rehydrate cells.
• Metabolic Effects: Helps prevent protein catabolism during fasting or stress by supplying an energy substrate.
• Physiological Impact: Supports metabolic functions and maintains adequate circulatory volume when given in appropriate quantities.

5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI] Interactions 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

This infusion can interact with various medications and physiological conditions, necessitating careful monitoring:

• Insulin and Antidiabetic Agents: Dextrose increases blood glucose levels, potentially reducing the effectiveness of hypoglycemic drugs.
• Diuretics: May alter electrolyte balance; concurrent use requires monitoring to prevent imbalances.
• Potassium and Cardiac Glycosides: Changes in potassium levels caused by dextrose metabolism can affect drugs like digoxin, increasing toxicity risk.
• Intravenous Medications: Check for compatibility before mixing or co-infusing to avoid precipitation or loss of efficacy.
• Patients with Impaired Glucose Metabolism: Infusion can worsen hyperglycemia or cause fluctuations in blood sugar levels.
• Renal and Cardiac Impairment: Fluid management requires adjustment to avoid overload and adverse events.

Dosage of 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

The dosage should be individualized based on patient needs, clinical status, and metabolic requirements:

• Adults: Typical maintenance doses range from 1000 to 3000 ml per day, adjusted according to hydration status and caloric needs.
• Pediatric Patients: Dose calculated per weight and condition; close monitoring of glucose and fluids is vital.
• Infusion Rate: Commonly between 50-150 ml/hr, with adjustments based on patient tolerance and clinical response.
• Special Populations: Reduced rates or volumes are recommended for patients with cardiac or renal impairment.
• Monitoring: Frequent reassessment of blood glucose, fluid balance, and electrolytes guides dosage adjustments.

Possible side effects of 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

While generally safe when used appropriately, some adverse effects may occur:

• Local Reactions: Pain, irritation, or phlebitis at the injection site.
• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood glucose, especially in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Fluid Overload: Risk of edema, hypertension, and pulmonary congestion, particularly in patients with heart or kidney problems.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: May cause hyponatremia or other disturbances if improperly monitored.
• Hypersensitivity: Rare allergic reactions including rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.
• Metabolic Acidosis or Alkalosis: Possible if infusion is not matched to patient metabolic needs.

5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI] Contraindications 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

Use of this infusion is contraindicated in the following conditions:

• Known Hypersensitivity: To dextrose or any component of the solution.
• Hyperglycemia or Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: Infusion may exacerbate these conditions.
• Severe Fluid Overload States: Including congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema where volume expansion is harmful.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure: Infusion may worsen cerebral edema due to free water content.
• In Patients with Lactic Acidosis or Ketoacidosis: Without proper correction of underlying causes.

Storage of 5% DEXTROSE INFUSION [PSI]

Proper storage is vital to maintain efficacy and safety:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, typically between 20-25°C (68-77°F). Avoid freezing or exposure to extreme heat.
• Packaging: Keep in the original non-PVC bag until use to prevent contamination and degradation.
• Light Protection: Protect from excessive light exposure, which may degrade the solution.
• Inspection: Prior to administration, inspect for clarity, color, and particulate matter; do not use if solution is discolored or cloudy.
• Expiration: Use before the expiry date printed on the packaging.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused or expired solution according to local medical waste regulations.