10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP Injection/Solution for

What is 10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP

10% W/V Dextrose Injection, USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution of Dextrose (a form of glucose) in water, intended for intravenous administration. This concentration means that there are 10 grams of dextrose in every 100 ml of solution, totaling 50 grams in a 500 ml bottle.

• Generic name: Dextrose (Glucose) 100%
• Form: Injection/Solution for IV use
• Use: Provides a source of carbohydrates (calories) for patients unable to take nutrition orally or for those who need fluid and energy supplementation.
• Packaging: Polypropylene bottle (500 ml) for safe IV infusion

This solution is especially important in hospitals for treating hypoglycemia, dehydration with caloric needs, and in some cases, as part of total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

It is considered a supportive therapy and should be administered under medical supervision.

How to use 10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP

• Route of Administration: Intravenous (IV) only
• Administration Method: Administer using a sterile IV set under aseptic conditions, usually by slow infusion.
• Monitoring: Blood glucose levels, fluid balance, and electrolytes should be monitored during use.
• Patient Position: Patient should be in a comfortable reclining or supine position during infusion.

Steps for safe use:

1. Inspect the solution for clarity and particulate matter; discard if cloudy or contains precipitate.
2. Do not administer simultaneously with blood products through the same IV line.
3. Infusion rate and volume depend on the patient’s clinical status, age, and glucose tolerance.
4. Use a volumetric pump if accurate control of flow rate is required.

Always follow institutional protocols and consult with a physician or pharmacist for appropriate administration guidelines based on individual patient needs.

Mode of Action 10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP

Dextrose acts as a simple carbohydrate (monosaccharide), which is rapidly absorbed and utilized by body tissues.

• Primary Mechanism: Once administered, dextrose enters systemic circulation and is metabolized by cells through glycolysis, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), the primary energy currency of the body.
• Cellular Uptake: Insulin facilitates the uptake of dextrose into muscle and fat cells.
• Liver Storage: Excess glucose may be converted to glycogen and stored in the liver for future use.
• Water Carrier: Dextrose solutions can aid in fluid replacement, especially when mixed with other IV fluids.

This mechanism helps maintain blood glucose levels, supports cellular functions, and prevents protein catabolism in patients who are NPO (nil per os – nothing by mouth).

10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP Interactions 10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP

Though dextrose is generally safe, interactions can occur, especially when co-administered with other IV medications.

• Insulin: Can enhance cellular uptake of dextrose, possibly leading to hypoglycemia if not monitored.
• Diuretics (e.g., furosemide): May cause electrolyte imbalances that require adjustment of IV therapy.
• Corticosteroids: May induce hyperglycemia, reducing the effectiveness of dextrose therapy in restoring normal glucose levels.
• Electrolyte-containing solutions: Should be used cautiously to avoid overcorrection or osmotic imbalances.
• Do not mix with incompatible medications: Certain antibiotics or blood products may precipitate or degrade when mixed with dextrose.

Always verify compatibility using standard drug reference resources or pharmacy consultation before mixing or co-administering drugs.

Dosage of 10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP

Dosage must be tailored to the individual patient's age, weight, clinical condition, and glucose utilization capacity.

• Adults: 500 to 1000 ml/day or more depending on nutritional and fluid requirements
• Children: Based on body weight (e.g., 10-20 ml/kg/hr), under close supervision
• Neonates: Require careful titration due to immature glucose metabolism
• Rate: Typically 3-4 mg/kg/min; not to exceed 0.5 g/kg/hr in adults without monitoring

Over-infusion may cause hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, or fluid overload—especially in renal or cardiac-compromised patients. Clinical parameters must guide adjustments.

Possible side effects of 10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP

Like any intravenous solution, dextrose 10% may cause adverse effects, especially when used improperly or in patients with specific conditions.

• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood sugar, especially in diabetic or insulin-resistant patients
• Hypokalemia: Dilutional loss of potassium with prolonged use
• Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein at the infusion site
• Fluid Overload: Can lead to pulmonary edema, hypertension, or congestive heart failure
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Especially when used without concurrent electrolyte replacement

Report any signs of respiratory distress, chest discomfort, or confusion to a healthcare provider immediately. Periodic lab tests are essential to monitor therapy safety.

10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP Contraindications 10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP

There are specific cases where Dextrose 10% should not be used or should be used with extreme caution.

• Hyperglycemia: Pre-existing high blood sugar without adequate insulin control
• Intracranial or Intraspinal hemorrhage: Risk of worsening cerebral edema
• Diabetic coma: Without insulin therapy
• Fluid overload conditions: Congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema
• Allergy to corn-derived products: Dextrose is often derived from corn

Use with caution in renal impairment, electrolyte disorders, and in patients on corticosteroids or other hyperglycemia-inducing drugs.

Storage of 10% W/V DEXTROSE INJECTION, USP

• Temperature: Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); avoid excessive heat or freezing
• Light: Protect from direct sunlight to maintain stability
• Container Integrity: Do not use if the bottle is leaking, discolored, or has particulate matter
• Shelf Life: Check manufacturer’s label, typically 24-36 months if unopened and properly stored
• Post-opening: Use immediately after opening. Discard any unused portion

Keep out of reach of children. Storage conditions are crucial to preserve sterility and chemical integrity of the solution.