10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution of dextrose (a form of glucose) in water for injection. It is supplied in a 1000ml plastic bag and is used as an intravenous (IV) fluid for a variety of clinical indications. The solution contains 100 grams of dextrose per liter, providing a high-calorie source of carbohydrate for patients requiring parenteral nutrition or fluid replacement.

• Generic Name: Dextrose 100%
• Formulation: Solution for intravenous infusion
• Concentration: 10% w/v (weight/volume)
• Presentation: 1000 ml plastic infusion bag
• Classification: Carbohydrate-caloric agent and intravenous fluid

This solution is often used in hospital settings to:

• Provide a readily metabolizable source of calories for patients unable to eat or drink
• Support patients undergoing fluid and electrolyte therapy
• Maintain blood glucose levels during prolonged fasting or surgery
• Dilute other medications for intravenous administration

It is essential to note that 10% dextrose is considered a hypertonic solution and should be used with caution in patients at risk for fluid overload or with compromised renal function.

How to use 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP is administered by trained medical professionals through an intravenous (IV) line. The infusion method, rate, and volume depend on the patient's clinical status, underlying conditions, and specific therapeutic goals.

• Administration Route: Intravenous (IV) infusion only
• Setting: Must be administered in a healthcare facility or under the supervision of a qualified professional
• Technique:
  • Inspect the solution bag for particulate matter or discoloration before use
  • Do not use if the solution is cloudy or contains particles
  • Connect the bag to a sterile IV set and administer using a calibrated infusion pump
• Monitoring:
  • Monitor blood glucose levels, electrolyte balance, and fluid status regularly
  • Adjust infusion rate based on patient response and laboratory findings
• Compatibility: May be mixed with other compatible IV drugs under strict aseptic conditions

Always follow institutional protocols for IV infusion and double-check calculations, especially when using hypertonic solutions like 10% dextrose. Do not administer via intramuscular or subcutaneous routes.

Mode of Action 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The pharmacological effect of 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP stems from its active ingredient—dextrose, a simple sugar (monosaccharide) that serves as a primary energy source in human metabolism.

• Absorption: Dextrose is rapidly absorbed and distributed throughout the body after intravenous administration
• Metabolism:
  • Metabolized via glycolysis to produce ATP, the energy currency of cells
  • Processed by liver cells and other tissues for energy production or storage as glycogen
• Energy Supply: Delivers 3.4 kcal per gram of dextrose; thus, 100g provides approximately 340 kcal
• Cellular Uptake: Transported into cells primarily by insulin-mediated mechanisms
• Physiological Role:
  • Maintains normal blood glucose levels during fasting or catabolic states
  • Supports brain metabolism in the absence of dietary glucose intake
  • Acts as a vehicle to maintain fluid balance and osmotic pressure

Overall, the mode of action involves quick restoration of glucose levels and prevention of hypoglycemia while supporting basal metabolic needs, especially in critically ill or fasting patients.

10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP is generally considered safe, it can interact with certain medications and physiological conditions that affect glucose metabolism or fluid/electrolyte balance.

• Drug Interactions:
  • Insulin: Co-administration may enhance glucose uptake and risk hypoglycemia if not monitored
  • Corticosteroids: May increase blood glucose levels, requiring dose adjustment
  • Diuretics: Especially loop and thiazide diuretics, may cause electrolyte disturbances when combined
  • Adrenergic agents (e.g., epinephrine): May counteract insulin’s action, elevating blood glucose
• Disease Interactions:
  • Diabetes Mellitus: Can worsen hyperglycemia; requires close blood glucose monitoring
  • Renal insufficiency: Increased risk of fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances
  • Congestive heart failure: Risk of volume overload due to fluid administration

Always evaluate the full medication profile and comorbidities before prescribing or administering 10% dextrose solution. Clinical judgment and frequent monitoring are key.

Dosage of 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The dosage of 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP must be individualized based on the patient’s age, weight, clinical condition, and therapeutic goals. It is typically used under strict medical supervision in hospitals or emergency care settings.

• Adult Dosage:
  • Generally, 500–1000 ml may be given per day, adjusted based on fluid and caloric needs
  • Maximum dosage may vary depending on the patient’s glucose tolerance and comorbidities
• Pediatric Dosage:
  • Calculated based on weight and energy requirements (typically in mL/kg/day)
  • Requires continuous glucose and electrolyte monitoring
• Infusion Rate:
  • Should be slow and controlled, typically not exceeding 0.5 g/kg/hour of dextrose to avoid hyperglycemia
  • Infusion pumps are recommended for accuracy

Adjustments should be made for patients with diabetes, renal impairment, or those receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Dosing must be re-evaluated daily based on lab values and clinical response.

Possible side effects of 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While generally safe under professional use, 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP can cause side effects, especially if not administered appropriately or if the patient has underlying medical conditions.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar levels)
  • Local vein irritation or thrombophlebitis at the infusion site
  • Fluid overload leading to edema
• Serious Adverse Effects:
  • Electrolyte imbalances, particularly hyponatremia or hypokalemia
  • Lactic acidosis (rare, but possible in sepsis or liver dysfunction)
  • Hyperosmolar syndrome (especially in diabetic patients)
• Allergic Reactions: Though rare, hypersensitivity reactions may occur, presenting as rash, fever, or even anaphylaxis

Prompt discontinuation and supportive treatment are required if adverse effects occur. Regular monitoring is essential to mitigate risks.

10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP should not be used in certain clinical situations due to the risk of exacerbating underlying conditions or causing harm.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Known hypersensitivity to dextrose or any component of the formulation
  • Clinically significant hyperglycemia
  • Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage (due to potential worsening of cerebral edema)
• Relative Contraindications:
  • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
  • Severe dehydration with electrolyte depletion
  • Congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema
  • Severe renal impairment without dialysis

Careful risk-benefit analysis should precede its use in borderline cases. Alternate fluids or lower concentration solutions may be more appropriate in some scenarios.

Storage of 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage of 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP is essential to ensure its efficacy and safety during administration.

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature, ideally between 15°C and 25°C (59°F to 77°F)
• Protection:
  • Keep away from direct sunlight and excessive heat
  • Protect from freezing, which can compromise the container and stability of the solution
• Packaging:
  • Retain in original packaging until ready for use
  • Do not remove from outer wrap until time of administration
• Inspection: Always check the bag for leaks, discoloration, or particulate matter before use
• Shelf Life: Use within the expiry date printed on the packaging