10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution containing 10% w/v of Dextrose (glucose), designed for fluid and caloric replenishment in clinical settings. It is typically supplied in 500ml plastic bags and used in hospitals under medical supervision.

• Generic Name: Dextrose 100%
• Form: Injection/Solution for IV use
• Concentration: 10% w/v (100g/L of glucose)
• Purpose: To provide carbohydrates and restore blood glucose levels in hypoglycemic conditions or as part of parenteral nutrition.
• Common Uses: Treatment of hypoglycemia, dehydration, and as a vehicle for the administration of medications or electrolytes.
• Type: Hypertonic intravenous fluid

This solution offers immediate energy to patients who are unable to eat or absorb nutrients via the gastrointestinal tract. It’s especially important in post-operative recovery, critical care, and emergency medicine for metabolic support and fluid balance.

How to use 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP is intended for intravenous administration by trained healthcare professionals. It must be used under strict aseptic conditions and only as prescribed.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion (IV drip)
• Preparation: Inspect the solution for clarity and absence of particulate matter. Do not use if discolored or contaminated.
• Infusion Rate: Must be individualized based on the patient’s clinical condition, age, and metabolic needs. The rate should avoid fluid overload or glycemic imbalance.
• Compatibility: Can be used to dilute or administer certain intravenous medications and electrolytes.
• Monitoring: Blood glucose, electrolyte levels, fluid balance, and renal function should be monitored regularly during infusion.

Before using, the IV line should be flushed, and connections checked for tightness. It should not be mixed with incompatible medications unless compatibility is confirmed.

Important: Do not administer through the same line as blood products. Always follow institutional guidelines and product labeling for safe use.

Mode of Action 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effect of 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP comes from its ability to supply readily available glucose, which is the primary energy source for body cells.

• Primary Mechanism: Once infused intravenously, Dextrose (glucose) is rapidly absorbed into the bloodstream and distributed throughout the body. Cells absorb glucose via insulin-regulated transport mechanisms for metabolic processes.
• Energy Production: Glucose undergoes glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, generating ATP, the energy currency of the cell.
• Glycogen Synthesis: Excess glucose is stored as glycogen in liver and muscle tissues, serving as an energy reserve.
• Corrects Hypoglycemia: Quickly raises blood glucose levels in hypoglycemic states, reversing symptoms like dizziness, confusion, and seizures.
• Metabolic Role: Supports metabolic activities during illness or recovery when oral intake is restricted.

Because it is a hypertonic solution, 10% Dextrose also pulls fluids into the intravascular space, making it useful in managing fluid balance in specific conditions. Its utility spans nutritional support, correction of electrolyte-free water deficits, and as a diluent for compatible medications.

10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While 10% Dextrose is generally considered safe, it may interact with other IV medications and physiological conditions, requiring caution during administration.

• Insulin: May require dose adjustments in diabetic patients due to elevated blood glucose levels.
• Electrolyte Solutions: Often mixed with potassium chloride or sodium chloride; compatibility must be confirmed before mixing.
• Medications: Used as a diluent for many IV drugs; however, incompatibilities can occur, especially with drugs unstable in glucose solutions (e.g., phenytoin, amphotericin B).
• Diuretics: Concomitant use with diuretics may cause or worsen fluid and electrolyte imbalances.
• Corticosteroids: May increase blood glucose levels and counteract the effect of dextrose, requiring glucose monitoring.

Clinical Consideration: Always review the compatibility of 10% Dextrose with any additives before administration. Use separate infusion lines when administering incompatible drugs. Monitor for signs of hyperglycemia, volume overload, or metabolic imbalances during concurrent therapies.

Dosage of 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Dosage of 10% Dextrose Injection USP is individualized based on the patient’s clinical condition, age, weight, and metabolic needs. It should only be administered under medical supervision.

• Adults: Common infusion rates range from 30 to 100 mL/hour depending on indication (e.g., hypoglycemia, fluid supplementation, or parenteral nutrition).
• Children: Dosage must be weight-based, typically 5 to 10 mL/kg/hour, with careful monitoring of glucose levels.
• Neonates: High caution required; usually initiated at 4-6 mg/kg/minute glucose infusion rate (GIR), adjusted as per blood glucose levels.
• Maximum Dose: Should not exceed the patient’s glucose oxidation rate, typically 4–7 mg/kg/min in adults, to prevent hyperglycemia and fat deposition.
• Infusion Duration: Can be used continuously or intermittently depending on clinical need, often as part of a larger IV nutrition plan.

Adjustments may be necessary in patients with renal impairment, diabetes mellitus, or fluid overload risk. Regular blood glucose, electrolyte, and fluid balance monitoring is essential.

Possible side effects of 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Although generally safe under professional administration, 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP may cause some side effects, particularly if infused too rapidly or in excess.

• Common Side Effects:
• Hyperglycemia (elevated blood sugar)
• Thirst and dehydration (if not properly balanced with electrolytes)
• Injection site irritation or phlebitis
• Serious Side Effects:
• Fluid overload leading to pulmonary edema
• Electrolyte imbalances (especially hyponatremia or hypokalemia)
• Allergic reactions (rash, itching, or rarely anaphylaxis)
• Osmotic diuresis and glucosuria (glucose in urine)
• Metabolic Complications:
• Lactic acidosis (in critical care cases)
• Refeeding syndrome in malnourished patients

Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of blood glucose, serum electrolytes, and fluid status is critical during administration to mitigate adverse effects.

10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Use of 10% Dextrose Injection USP is contraindicated in certain medical conditions where glucose or fluid overload poses a risk.

• Hyperglycemia: Patients with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus or glucose intolerance should not receive this solution unless under tight monitoring.
• Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage: High glucose concentrations can exacerbate cerebral edema.
• Severe dehydration without electrolyte replacement: May worsen electrolyte imbalances.
• Anuria or severe renal impairment: Risk of fluid overload and glucose accumulation.
• Known hypersensitivity: Allergy to Dextrose or packaging components.
• Delirium tremens with dehydration: Electrolyte-rich solutions are preferred in such cases.

Each patient’s risk-benefit profile must be assessed before prescribing. Alternatives should be considered in contraindicated scenarios, and infusion should be stopped if signs of intolerance develop.

Storage of 10% DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage of 10% Dextrose Injection USP is essential to maintain sterility, potency, and safety.

• Temperature: Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F); excursions between 15°C and 30°C are acceptable.
• Avoid Freezing: Do not freeze. Freezing may damage the plastic container and compromise the solution's stability.
• Light Protection: Keep away from direct sunlight. Although not photosensitive, prolonged exposure can degrade some additives if mixed.
• Shelf Life: Refer to manufacturer’s label. Typically ranges between 24–36 months unopened.
• Inspect Before Use: Do not use if the solution appears cloudy, discolored, or if the container is leaking or damaged.

Once the bag is opened or additives are introduced, use promptly and discard any unused portion to prevent contamination. Follow local regulations for the disposal of medical waste.