KASINIV 70 MG Price in UAE

Overview

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This medicine contains an important and useful components, as it consists of
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Name

Sodium chloride

Precaution

While sodium chloride is indispensable in medicine, certain precautions should be taken before and during its use, particularly for high-volume or long-term administration: <ul> <li>Monitor serum electrolytes (sodium, chloride, potassium) regularly during extended infusions or in critically ill patients.</li> <li>Use with caution in patients with hypertension, heart failure, or conditions prone to fluid retention such as cirrhosis and nephrotic syndrome.</li> <li>In renal impairment, monitor closely to avoid fluid overload, acidosis, or hypernatremia.</li> <li>Use aseptic technique for IV administration to prevent infection.</li> <li>In neonates and pediatric patients, carefully calculate volume and rate of infusion to avoid complications.</li> </ul> Medical supervision is essential, especially in vulnerable populations. Avoid overcorrection of electrolyte disturbances, as rapid changes in sodium levels can lead to osmotic demyelination syndrome or cerebral edema.

Indication

Sodium chloride has broad medical applications across various specialties. Key clinical indications include: <ul> <li>Fluid resuscitation: In hypovolemia, blood loss, or dehydration.</li> <li>Electrolyte replenishment: Especially in hyponatremia or chloride deficiencies.</li> <li>Vehicle for IV medications: Compatible with numerous drugs for dilution and infusion.</li> <li>Wound irrigation: Sterile normal saline is commonly used in wound cleansing and debridement.</li> <li>Eye/nasal irrigation: As isotonic flush solutions to relieve congestion or clean mucosa.</li> <li>Dialysis: Used in preparation or reconstitution of dialysis fluids.</li> </ul> In emergency medicine, it is the first-line intravenous fluid in shock, trauma, burns, and sepsis resuscitation protocols.

Contra indication

Sodium chloride has broad medical applications across various specialties. Key clinical indications include: <ul> <li>Fluid resuscitation: In hypovolemia, blood loss, or dehydration.</li> <li>Electrolyte replenishment: Especially in hyponatremia or chloride deficiencies.</li> <li>Vehicle for IV medications: Compatible with numerous drugs for dilution and infusion.</li> <li>Wound irrigation: Sterile normal saline is commonly used in wound cleansing and debridement.</li> <li>Eye/nasal irrigation: As isotonic flush solutions to relieve congestion or clean mucosa.</li> <li>Dialysis: Used in preparation or reconstitution of dialysis fluids.</li> </ul> In emergency medicine, it is the first-line intravenous fluid in shock, trauma, burns, and sepsis resuscitation protocols.

Side Effect

Most adverse effects of sodium chloride stem from improper dosing, rapid infusion, or administration in susceptible patients. Potential side effects include: <ul> <li>Hypernatremia: Characterized by headache, confusion, seizures, or coma if severe.</li> <li>Fluid overload: Manifesting as peripheral edema, pulmonary congestion, or raised blood pressure.</li> <li>Metabolic acidosis: Especially with large volumes of 0.9% saline due to chloride load.</li> <li>Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein at the IV site.</li> <li>Local irritation or pain: At injection site or during large-volume infusion.</li> </ul> Prompt intervention is required if adverse effects are detected. Clinical monitoring should accompany all moderate to high-volume infusions.

Pregnancy Category ID

Information not available

Mode of Action

Sodium chloride restores physiological electrolyte balance and extracellular fluid volume. It works primarily by: <ul> <li>Osmotic activity: Its isotonicity with plasma helps maintain water distribution between intracellular and extracellular compartments.</li> <li>Nerve function: Sodium ions are essential for the generation and propagation of action potentials.</li> <li>Muscle contraction: Electrolytes facilitate smooth and skeletal muscle contraction, including cardiac muscles.</li> <li>Acid-base balance: Chloride ions play a compensatory role in maintaining pH by exchanging with bicarbonate.</li> </ul> Sodium chloride is immediately bioavailable after IV administration and does not undergo metabolism. Excess quantities are excreted by the kidneys under normal renal function.

Interaction

Sodium chloride, though inert in itself, can affect or interact with other drugs and physiological processes: <ul> <li>Corticosteroids: May lead to increased sodium retention and potassium loss.</li> <li>Diuretics: May cause conflicting fluid/electrolyte responses if co-administered.</li> <li>Lithium: Sodium level changes can influence lithium excretion, altering its therapeutic window.</li> <li>Antihypertensives: Excess sodium may counteract the effects of ACE inhibitors or ARBs.</li> <li>Incompatibility with certain IV drugs: Always verify compatibility before mixing.</li> </ul> Regular electrolyte monitoring and drug interaction checks are essential when sodium chloride is used alongside other therapies.

Pregnancy Category Note

Sodium chloride is generally regarded as safe in pregnancy. It has no teratogenic potential and is classified as: <ul> <li>FDA (US): Not formally assigned a category.</li> <li>TGA (Australia): Category A – Considered safe based on human experience.</li> </ul> It is used in obstetric care for hydration, labor support, and management of hypertensive or fluid-depleted states. However, caution is necessary with high volumes to avoid edema, hypertension, or electrolyte imbalances in both mother and fetus.

Adult Dose

Dosing depends on the indication, patient status, and route of administration: <ul> <li>IV infusion (0.9%): 500 mL to 1000 mL over 1–2 hours for fluid replacement; adjust per clinical response.</li> <li>Maintenance fluids: Typically 25–35 mL/kg/day based on fluid requirements.</li> <li>Hyponatremia: Dose depends on sodium deficit and rate of correction needed (use with close monitoring).</li> <li>Drug dilution vehicle: Varies according to drug compatibility and concentration requirements.</li> </ul> Monitoring should accompany all significant infusions to assess response and prevent complications.

Child Dose

Pediatric dosing is weight-based and indication-specific. Always consult pediatric protocols and specialists: <ul> <li>Fluid resuscitation: 20 mL/kg IV bolus over 15–30 minutes (may repeat based on status).</li> <li>Maintenance therapy: Follow the 4:2:1 rule: <ul> <li>4 mL/kg/hr for first 10 kg</li> <li>2 mL/kg/hr for next 10 kg</li> <li>1 mL/kg/hr thereafter</li> </ul> </li> <li>Hypernatremia/hyponatremia: Dose individualized with close monitoring of serum sodium and fluid status.</li> </ul> Pediatric patients are more sensitive to fluid shifts, making precise calculation and regular reassessment critical.

Renal Dose

In patients with renal impairment, sodium chloride must be used cautiously: <ul> <li>Severe renal dysfunction or anuria: Avoid unless absolutely necessary, due to risk of fluid overload.</li> <li>Mild to moderate renal impairment: Use reduced volumes and monitor fluid balance, creatinine, and serum sodium closely.</li> <li>Dialysis patients: Sodium chloride may be part of customized dialysis fluid; should not be given freely without nephrologist oversight.</li> </ul> Always assess renal function (GFR, urine output) prior to administration and adjust fluid plans accordingly.

Administration

Sodium chloride can be administered by various routes depending on the formulation and clinical need: <ul> <li>Intravenous (IV): Most common route, using 0.9% isotonic saline via peripheral or central line.</li> <li>Oral: In combination with other electrolytes for rehydration therapy.</li> <li>Nasal irrigation/inhalation: Isotonic or hypertonic formulations used for mucosal clearance.</li> <li>Topical/irrigation: Used in wound cleansing or during surgical procedures.</li> </ul> For IV use, ensure the solution is clear and the container is intact. Use appropriate infusion devices and monitor the patient during therapy. Aseptic technique is mandatory to prevent contamination and infection.