Peptic ulcer disease

Overview Of Peptic ulcer disease

Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) involves open sores that develop on the inner lining of the stomach (gastric ulcers) or the upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers occur when the protective mucus layer is compromised, allowing stomach acid to damage the underlying tissue.

Causes of Peptic ulcer disease

• - Helicobacter pylori Infection: A bacterial infection that disrupts the stomach's protective lining, leading to ulcer formation. - Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs): Regular use of NSAIDs like aspirin and ibuprofen can irritate the stomach lining, increasing ulcer risk. - Excessive Alcohol Consumption: Heavy drinking can erode the stomach's protective lining, making it more susceptible to ulcers. - Smoking: Smoking impairs the healing of existing ulcers and increases the risk of developing new ones. - Stress and Spicy Foods: While not direct causes, stress and spicy foods can exacerbate symptoms in individuals with existing ulcers.

Risk Factors of Peptic ulcer disease

• - Age: Individuals over 60 are at higher risk. - Family History: A family history of PUD can increase risk. - Use of Certain Medications: Long-term use of NSAIDs or corticosteroids. - Chronic Diseases: Conditions like cirrhosis, kidney disease, or Zollinger-Ellison syndrome.

Prevention of Peptic ulcer disease

• - Avoiding NSAIDs: Use alternative pain relievers when possible. - Moderating Alcohol Consumption: Limiting intake to reduce irritation. - Smoking Cessation: Quitting smoking to promote healing and reduce risk. - Stress Management: Engaging in relaxation techniques to reduce stress levels.

Prognosis of Peptic ulcer disease

• With appropriate treatment, most individuals recover fully. However, if left untreated, PUD can lead to complications such as bleeding, perforation, and gastric cancer.

Complications of Peptic ulcer disease

• - Gastrointestinal Bleeding: Manifested by vomiting blood or passing black stools. - Perforation: A hole in the stomach or intestinal wall, leading to peritonitis. - Gastric Outlet Obstruction: Blockage preventing food from leaving the stomach.

Related Diseases of Peptic ulcer disease

• - Gastritis: Inflammation of the stomach lining. - Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD): Chronic acid reflux leading to esophageal irritation. - Gastric Cancer: A potential complication of chronic PUD.

Treatment of Peptic ulcer disease

- **Antibiotics**: To eradicate H. pylori infection. - **Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs)**: To reduce stomach acid production. - **H2-Receptor Antagonists**: To decrease acid secretion. - **Antacids**: To neutralize existing stomach acid. - **Lifestyle Modifications**: Avoiding NSAIDs, reducing alcohol intake, quitting smoking, and managing stress.