ADRENALIN S.A.L.F. Injection/Solution for

What is ADRENALIN S.A.L.F.

ADRENALIN S.A.L.F. is a sterile injectable solution containing Adrenaline (as acid tartrate), supplied in 1ml ampoules, with each pack containing 5 ampoules. This formulation is designed for emergency use, primarily administered via intravenous (IV), intramuscular (IM), or subcutaneous (SC) injection depending on the clinical situation. Generic Name: Adrenaline (Epinephrine) as acid tartrate Therapeutic Class: Sympathomimetic agent Indications: Acute anaphylactic reactions (e.g., insect stings, food or drug allergies) Cardiac arrest (as part of advanced cardiac life support) Severe asthma exacerbations unresponsive to conventional therapy As a vasoconstrictor in local anesthetic solutions Adrenaline is a life-saving medication in emergency settings and should only be administered by trained medical professionals familiar with its potent pharmacological effects.

How to use ADRENALIN S.A.L.F.

ADRENALIN S.A.L.F. should only be used under medical supervision due to its potent effects and the potential for serious side effects if improperly administered. The method of administration and dosage depend on the clinical indication. Preparation: Inspect the ampoule for any particulate matter or discoloration before use. Use aseptic technique to draw the solution into a sterile syringe. Routes of Administration: Intramuscular (IM): Common for anaphylaxis; inject into the mid-outer thigh. Subcutaneous (SC): Occasionally used but IM is preferred for faster absorption. Intravenous (IV): Reserved for cardiac arrest or severe hypotension; must be administered slowly and diluted. Important Usage Considerations: Monitor vital signs continuously during administration. Always have resuscitative equipment readily available. Do not inject into buttocks, digits, hands, or feet to avoid vasoconstriction and tissue necrosis. After administration, observe the patient for at least several hours to manage potential biphasic reactions in cases like anaphylaxis.

Mode of Action ADRENALIN S.A.L.F.

Adrenaline (epinephrine) is a potent non-selective adrenergic agonist that stimulates both alpha and beta-adrenergic receptors. Its pharmacological action is rapid and multi-dimensional, making it essential in life-threatening situations. Alpha-Adrenergic Effects: Vasoconstriction: Increases peripheral vascular resistance and raises blood pressure. Decreases mucosal edema: Especially beneficial in upper airway obstruction during anaphylaxis. Beta-1 Adrenergic Effects: Increases heart rate (positive chronotropic effect) Increases myocardial contractility (positive inotropic effect) Improves cardiac output Beta-2 Adrenergic Effects: Bronchodilation – critical in asthma and anaphylaxis Inhibits mediator release from mast cells and basophils These combined effects make Adrenaline vital for treating severe allergic reactions, cardiac arrest, and bronchospasm unresponsive to other interventions.

ADRENALIN S.A.L.F. Interactions ADRENALIN S.A.L.F.

Adrenaline interacts with a wide range of medications and substances, potentially enhancing or diminishing its effects or increasing the risk of adverse reactions. Drug Interactions: Beta-blockers: May reduce the efficacy of Adrenaline and enhance alpha-mediated vasoconstriction, potentially leading to hypertension or reflex bradycardia. Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs): Increase the risk of arrhythmias and hypertensive crises. Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs): Potentiate the effects of Adrenaline and may cause severe hypertension. General anesthetics (e.g., halothane): Increase risk of ventricular arrhythmias. Diuretics: May exacerbate electrolyte disturbances, increasing arrhythmia risk. Herbal Supplements: St. John’s Wort: May interfere with neurotransmitter levels and potentiate Adrenaline’s effects. Other Considerations: Concurrent use with sympathomimetic agents increases risk of cardiovascular toxicity. Caution in diabetic patients—Adrenaline can increase blood glucose levels. Always review the patient's full medication profile before administering ADRENALIN S.A.L.F.

Dosage of ADRENALIN S.A.L.F.

Dosage should be individualized based on clinical indication, route of administration, and patient condition. Always follow standard clinical guidelines or institutional protocols. Anaphylaxis (IM injection): Adults: 0.3 to 0.5 mg (0.3–0.5 ml of 1:1000 solution) IM every 5 to 15 minutes as needed. Children: 0.01 mg/kg (max 0.3 mg) IM every 5 to 15 minutes if necessary. Cardiac Arrest (IV/IO): 1 mg (10 ml of 1:10,000 solution) IV/IO every 3–5 minutes during resuscitation. Asthma (SC or IM): Adults: 0.3 to 0.5 mg SC/IM; may repeat every 20 minutes for 3 doses if needed. Local vasoconstriction: Dose varies by application; typically added to local anesthetics in concentrations of 1:100,000 to 1:200,000. Overdosing may lead to severe hypertension, arrhythmias, or cerebrovascular hemorrhage. Emergency resuscitation equipment should always be available during administration

Possible side effects of ADRENALIN S.A.L.F.

Adrenaline’s powerful adrenergic effects can result in a range of side effects, especially when administered in high doses or via IV. Common Side Effects: Palpitations Tremors Anxiety or nervousness Dizziness Headache Restlessness Serious Adverse Effects: Cardiac arrhythmias (e.g., ventricular fibrillation) Hypertensive crisis Myocardial ischemia or infarction Cerebral hemorrhage (especially with rapid IV use) Pulmonary edema Local Reactions: Injection site necrosis if improperly administered SC into digits or extremities Prompt recognition and supportive management of adverse effects are essential. Continuous monitoring is advised in all emergency settings.

ADRENALIN S.A.L.F. Contraindications ADRENALIN S.A.L.F.

Although often used in emergencies where contraindications may be secondary to saving life, there are situations where Adrenaline should be used with extreme caution or avoided if possible. Absolute Contraindications: Hypersensitivity to Adrenaline or any component of the formulation Use in digital, nasal, penile, or ear blocks with local anesthetics—risk of ischemia and necrosis Relative Contraindications (use with caution): Hyperthyroidism Severe hypertension Coronary artery disease Angle-closure glaucoma Diabetes mellitus Elderly patients with cardiovascular risk In life-threatening situations like anaphylaxis or cardiac arrest, the benefits of Adrenaline usually outweigh these risks.

Storage of ADRENALIN S.A.L.F.

Proper storage is essential to maintain the stability and effectiveness of ADRENALIN S.A.L.F. Improper storage may lead to degradation or reduced potency. Storage Conditions: Store below 25°C (77°F); avoid freezing. Protect from light—Adrenaline is light-sensitive and may discolor upon exposure. Packaging: Supplied