LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000 Injection/Solution for

What is LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000

LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000 is a sterile injectable solution used for local anesthesia. This product combines Lidocaine Hydrochloride (a local anesthetic) with Adrenaline (epinephrine), an alpha- and beta-adrenergic agonist. The addition of Adrenaline in a 1:100,000 concentration helps prolong the anesthetic effect by constricting blood vessels, which reduces the absorption of lidocaine and prolongs its duration of action.

• Generic Name: Lidocaine Hydrochloride + Adrenaline (Epinephrine)
• Concentration: 2% Lidocaine (20 mg/mL) and 1:100000 Adrenaline
• Form: Injectable solution
• Size: 1.8 mL per cartridge, 50 cartridges (10 cartridges per blister pack x 5)
• Common Uses: Local infiltration anesthesia, nerve blocks, dental procedures, and minor surgeries

Lidocaine provides rapid and effective local anesthesia by blocking sodium channels in nerve membranes, while Adrenaline constricts local blood vessels, thus reducing bleeding and extending the action of lidocaine. The 2% lidocaine concentration is suitable for procedures that require strong yet controlled numbing, such as dental surgeries, minor skin procedures, or localized musculoskeletal pain management.

The combination of these two agents in LIDOCATON offers enhanced anesthesia effects, making it a popular choice for medical and dental professionals. The 1.8 mL cartridge packaging offers a convenient multi-use format, ideal for clinical environments where multiple doses may be required.

How to use LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000

LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000 should only be administered by trained healthcare professionals in a clinical setting. It is commonly used for local infiltration, nerve blocks, or dental anesthesia. The following guidelines ensure proper and safe administration:

• Route of Administration: Injection via subcutaneous, intramuscular, or regional nerve block.
• Preparation: Inspect the cartridge for discoloration or particulate matter. Only use the solution if it is clear and free of visible particles.
• Injection Technique: Use an appropriate syringe or cartridge injector for administering the solution. Inject slowly to reduce the risk of systemic absorption and toxicity.
• Local Infiltration: Administer directly into the tissue or area requiring anesthesia, ensuring the needle placement is correct to avoid intravascular injection.
• Nerve Block: Use anatomical landmarks or imaging guidance for nerve blocks to ensure accurate delivery of the anesthetic to the intended site.

Dosage will vary based on the procedure and patient factors such as weight, age, and overall health. The addition of Adrenaline in this formulation will limit the systemic absorption of lidocaine and help reduce bleeding in the area being treated. Always aspirate before injection to confirm that the needle is not in a blood vessel.

It is important to monitor patients for signs of systemic toxicity or allergic reactions. Emergency equipment, such as resuscitation tools and anti-arrhythmic drugs, should be readily available when using local anesthetics, especially when larger doses or multiple injections are required.

Mode of Action LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000

LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000 combines two active ingredients with different mechanisms of action, which work synergistically to produce both local anesthesia and hemostasis (reduced bleeding).

• Lidocaine (2%): Lidocaine works by blocking sodium channels in nerve cells. This prevents the depolarization and propagation of nerve impulses, leading to a loss of sensation in the targeted area. It has a rapid onset of action (usually within 2-5 minutes) and provides temporary anesthesia lasting 1-2 hours, depending on the procedure.
• Adrenaline (Epinephrine): The addition of adrenaline causes vasoconstriction (narrowing of blood vessels) at the site of injection. This helps minimize bleeding during procedures, prolongs the effect of lidocaine by slowing its absorption, and reduces the risk of systemic toxicity.

This combination of lidocaine and adrenaline is particularly effective in surgical procedures that involve delicate tissue manipulation or where a longer-lasting anesthetic effect is required. The vasoconstriction caused by adrenaline ensures that the anesthetic remains concentrated at the site of injection, enhancing the duration of anesthesia and minimizing systemic effects.

Together, lidocaine and adrenaline provide optimal local anesthesia with minimal risk of bleeding, which is essential in procedures such as dental extractions, minor skin surgeries, and various regional blocks.

LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000 Interactions LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000

LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000, containing lidocaine and adrenaline, may interact with several other medications. These interactions can potentially enhance side effects or reduce the effectiveness of either drug component. It is important to review the patient's current medications to minimize risks.

• Beta-Blockers (e.g., propranolol): These may enhance the effects of adrenaline by slowing its clearance from the bloodstream, potentially leading to increased blood pressure and heart rate.
• CNS Depressants (e.g., benzodiazepines, alcohol): These can amplify the sedative effects of lidocaine, increasing the risk of CNS toxicity such as dizziness, confusion, or seizures.
• Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs): These may increase the hypertensive effect of adrenaline, requiring careful monitoring of blood pressure during anesthesia.
• Other Local Anesthetics: When combined with other amide-type local anesthetics, the risk of systemic toxicity increases. Avoid using multiple local anesthetics unless under specific clinical guidance.
• Antiarrythmics (e.g., amiodarone, digoxin): These may enhance the cardiac effects of lidocaine, leading to potential arrhythmias. Caution is necessary, especially in patients with preexisting heart conditions.

Monitor patients closely for signs of toxicity, particularly when using in combination with these or other medications. Adjust the dosage accordingly, and ensure that appropriate resuscitation equipment is available during administration.

Dosage of LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000

The dosage of LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000 should be carefully calculated based on the procedure, patient weight, and medical condition. Due to the presence of adrenaline, the dosage for local anesthesia is adjusted to minimize systemic absorption while ensuring adequate anesthetic coverage.

• Maximum Dosage for Adults (Lidocaine): The recommended maximum dose is 4.5 mg/kg body weight of lidocaine (approximately 300 mg total), though this should be reduced in elderly or frail patients.
• Maximum Dosage with Adrenaline: When using lidocaine with adrenaline (1:100000), the total dose can be safely increased to 7 mg/kg body weight (up to 500 mg), depending on the patient's tolerance.
• Common Dosages:
• Dental procedures: 1–3 mL
• Minor surgical procedures: 5–10 mL depending on the area to be anesthetized
• Nerve blocks: 5–20 mL depending on the nerve involved

Always adjust the dosage based on the patient’s condition, the procedure, and potential drug interactions. The 1.8 mL cartridge provides an adequate supply for local infiltration or nerve blocks in smaller procedures. Be cautious when administering high doses or repeated injections, especially in patients with compromised cardiovascular or hepatic function.

Possible side effects of LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000

LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000 is generally well tolerated when used appropriately. However, as with any injectable medication, there are potential side effects, especially in cases of overdose, rapid injection, or sensitivity to the active components. Side effects can range from mild and local to severe and systemic.

• Common Side Effects:
• Localized pain or discomfort at the injection site
• Redness or swelling in the area of injection
• Mild dizziness or lightheadedness
• Cardiovascular Reactions:
• Bradycardia (slow heart rate)
• Hypotension (low blood pressure)
• Rarely, arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats), particularly in high doses or rapid administration
• CNS Reactions:
• Restlessness, confusion, or agitation
• Tinnitus (ringing in the ears)
• Seizures (typically associated with high blood levels of lidocaine)
• Allergic Reactions:
• Rash, itching, or hives
• Bronchospasm or shortness of breath
• Severe allergic reactions (anaphylaxis) in very rare cases

It is important to monitor for these side effects during and after administration, especially when administering multiple doses or using in combination with other medications. If any signs of an allergic or systemic reaction appear, immediate medical intervention is required.

LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000 Contraindications LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000

There are specific clinical situations where the use of LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000 is contraindicated due to the potential for severe complications. It is essential to review the patient's history and overall health before administering this medication.

• Hypersensitivity to Lidocaine or Epinephrine: Patients with known allergies to lidocaine or other local anesthetics, or those with hypersensitivity to epinephrine, should not receive this product.
• Severe Heart Block: Patients with second or third-degree heart block, unless they have a pacemaker, should avoid using this medication due to the risk of exacerbating conduction abnormalities.
• Uncontrolled Hypertension: Epinephrine may cause an increase in blood pressure, making it contraindicated in patients with poorly controlled hypertension.
• Severe Hypovolemia or Shock: In patients with inadequate blood volume or low blood pressure, epinephrine-induced vasoconstriction could lead to further complications.
• Porphyria: Local anesthetics, including lidocaine, can trigger porphyric crises in patients with this metabolic disorder.
• Thyroid Disease (Hyperthyroidism): Due to epinephrine's effect on the cardiovascular system, use with caution in patients with hyperthyroidism or other thyroid disorders.

LIDOCATON should be used with caution in patients with a history of cardiovascular disease, renal impairment, or respiratory issues. Always assess the risk-benefit ratio before administering to these populations.

Storage of LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000

Proper storage of LIDOCATON 2% 1:100000 is essential to maintaining the product's efficacy and safety. Adherence to recommended storage guidelines helps preserve its sterility and prevents degradation of the active ingredients.

• Temperature: Store at room temperature, between 15°C and 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Do not freeze.
• Protection from Light: Keep the product in its original packaging to protect it from light. Exposure to light may degrade the components, affecting efficacy.
• Storage in Clinical Settings: Ensure that the product is stored in a secure environment, away from direct sunlight, and out of reach of unauthorized personnel.
• Expiration: Do not use past the expiration date indicated on the cartridge. Dispose of any expired or unused medication properly.
• Inspection: Prior to use, inspect the cartridge for any signs of damage, discoloration, or particulate matter. Do not use if the solution is not clear and free of particles.

To maintain the highest standards of safety and quality, always store LIDOCATON in a cool, dry, and secure area. Follow institutional protocols for the disposal of any unused or expired medication, ensuring compliance with local regulations for pharmaceutical waste management.