ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml Injection/Solution for

What is ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml

ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml is a sterile injectable solution containing a deproteinised hemoderivative of calf blood as its active ingredient. It is formulated to improve oxygen and nutrient supply to tissues by enhancing cellular metabolism and microcirculation. This medicine is widely used in clinical practice to support treatment of diseases associated with impaired blood flow, oxygen deficiency, and compromised cellular energy metabolism.

The deproteinised calf blood extract is processed to remove proteins and potential allergens while preserving bioactive components such as peptides, amino acids, nucleotides, and electrolytes. These constituents promote tissue repair, regeneration, and improved cellular energy production. ACTOVEGIN is indicated in a variety of conditions including peripheral arterial disease, diabetic neuropathy, chronic wounds, cerebral ischemia, and ophthalmic disorders related to microcirculatory dysfunction.

• Pharmaceutical form: injection/solution, typically supplied in 10ml ampoules.
• Active ingredient: deproteinised hemoderivative of calf blood, 400mg per 10ml.
• Enhances oxygen utilization and glucose metabolism at the cellular level.
• Indicated for conditions with impaired tissue perfusion and metabolic dysfunction.

How to use ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml

ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml should be administered strictly according to a healthcare professional’s instructions. The solution can be given intravenously or intramuscularly, with the route depending on the clinical indication and patient status.

• Intravenous administration: Typically delivered by slow infusion over 30-60 minutes, diluted in an appropriate volume of isotonic saline or glucose solution.
• Intramuscular injection: Administered as a deep muscle injection, usually once daily.
• Inspection: Check the solution for clarity and absence of particles before use. Only clear, colorless solutions should be injected.
• Frequency: Usually once or twice daily, depending on the severity of the condition.
• Duration: Treatment duration varies widely; from 10 days up to several weeks depending on patient response and indication.
• Precautions: Use aseptic technique to avoid infection. Do not mix ACTOVEGIN with other medications in the same syringe unless compatibility is verified.

Patients should inform their healthcare providers about any allergies, existing medical conditions, or concurrent medications to ensure safe administration.

Mode of Action ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml

ACTOVEGIN exerts its therapeutic effects primarily by improving oxygen and glucose uptake and utilization at the cellular level, which is essential for energy production and tissue repair. The deproteinised calf blood extract contains bioactive compounds that facilitate these processes, thereby enhancing cellular metabolism especially in ischemic or hypoxic tissues.

• Oxygen delivery enhancement: ACTOVEGIN improves oxygen diffusion through plasma and tissues, promoting better oxygen availability in areas with impaired blood flow.
• Glucose metabolism stimulation: It facilitates glucose transport into cells, enhancing aerobic metabolism and ATP synthesis.
• Energy metabolism support: By providing substrates like amino acids and nucleotides, it boosts mitochondrial function and cellular energy production.
• Neuroprotective and tissue repair effects: Improves microcirculation, reduces oxidative stress, and supports regeneration in nerve and muscle tissues.
• Wound healing promotion: Stimulates fibroblast activity and angiogenesis, accelerating healing processes in chronic wounds.

Overall, ACTOVEGIN’s multi-faceted mode of action supports cellular health, particularly under conditions of metabolic or circulatory impairment.

ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml Interactions ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml

Due to its unique biological origin and metabolic mode of action, ACTOVEGIN has a relatively low potential for drug interactions. However, care should be taken when it is administered with certain medications to avoid undesired effects or complications.

• Anticoagulants and antiplatelet drugs: Although ACTOVEGIN does not directly affect coagulation, improved microcirculation could theoretically alter bleeding risks. Close monitoring is advised.
• Hypoglycemic agents: Since ACTOVEGIN enhances glucose uptake and utilization, it may potentiate the effects of insulin or oral antidiabetics, necessitating blood glucose monitoring.
• Vasodilators or blood flow enhancers: Combined use may increase vasodilation effects, potentially causing hypotension or dizziness.
• Immunosuppressants and biologics: Given the origin of ACTOVEGIN, there is a minimal risk of immunological reactions when used with immune-modulating drugs.
• Other parenteral medications: Compatibility must be confirmed before co-administration in the same infusion to prevent precipitation or inactivation.

Patients should always disclose all medications they are taking to healthcare professionals prior to starting ACTOVEGIN to ensure safety.

Dosage of ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml

The dosage of ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml varies depending on the indication, patient age, clinical status, and treatment response. It should always be individualized and supervised by a healthcare professional.

• Adults: Commonly, 1 ampoule (400mg) to 2 ampoules (800mg) daily administered intravenously or intramuscularly.
• Intravenous infusion: Slow infusion of the solution diluted in 100-250ml isotonic saline or glucose over 30-60 minutes.
• Intramuscular injection: Deep muscle injection once daily is typical.
• Duration: Treatment duration usually ranges from 10 to 20 days, extended if necessary based on clinical evaluation.
• Elderly and comorbid patients: Dose adjustments or slower administration may be required to reduce risk of side effects.
• Pediatric use: Not routinely recommended due to limited safety data.

Regular monitoring of clinical efficacy and tolerability is essential to guide treatment continuation or modification.

Possible side effects of ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml

While ACTOVEGIN is generally well tolerated, patients may experience side effects, which should be recognized early for appropriate management.

• Injection site reactions: Pain, redness, swelling, or local irritation may occur.
• Hypersensitivity reactions: Allergic responses such as rash, itching, urticaria, or rarely anaphylaxis can develop.
• Systemic effects: Occasional headache, dizziness, nausea, or gastrointestinal discomfort have been reported.
• Immune-related effects: Though rare, immune sensitization due to animal-derived components is possible.
• Others: Fever or chills indicating possible immune or inflammatory responses.

Any severe or unexpected symptoms should prompt immediate medical evaluation. Monitoring during therapy enhances safety and early detection of adverse events.

ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml Contraindications ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml

There are several situations where the use of ACTOVEGIN is contraindicated due to safety concerns or lack of benefit.

• Known hypersensitivity: Allergy to ACTOVEGIN or any of its constituents.
• Active systemic infections: Use with caution as metabolic stimulation might worsen infections.
• Severe kidney or liver disease: Insufficient data exist regarding safety; avoid unless clearly justified.
• Pregnancy and breastfeeding: Safety has not been conclusively established; use only if benefits outweigh potential risks.
• Children: Limited evidence on safety; avoid unless specifically prescribed by a pediatrician.

Full disclosure of medical history is vital to prevent contraindicated use and ensure safe treatment.

Storage of ACTOVEGIN 400mg/10ml

Proper storage conditions are critical to maintaining the stability and efficacy of ACTOVEGIN injection.

• Temperature: Store refrigerated at 2°C to 8°C. Do not freeze.
• Protection from light: Keep ampoules in their original packaging to shield from light exposure.
• Handling: Use aseptic technique when opening ampoules to avoid contamination.
• Shelf life: Do not use the product after the expiration date printed on the packaging.
• Disposal: Dispose of unused or expired solutions according to local regulations, preventing environmental contamination.

Following these storage recommendations preserves the quality of the medication and ensures patient safety.