DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5% SOLUTION FOR INFUSION

What is DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5%

DEXTROSE/VIOSER 5% is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution formulated for intravenous infusion. It contains 5% dextrose monohydrate dissolved in water for injection and is supplied in a 500ml LDPE (low-density polyethylene) bottle. This solution is commonly used in clinical settings to provide hydration and a source of readily available carbohydrates, particularly for patients unable to consume food orally or who require controlled glucose delivery.

• Generic name: Dextrose monohydrate
• Concentration: 5% (50 mg/mL)
• Form: Solution for infusion
• Container: 500ml LDPE bottle
• Use: Rehydration, energy provision, dilution of drugs

This isotonic solution is frequently used in post-operative care, dehydration, diabetic emergencies (hypoglycemia), or as a carrier fluid for intravenous medications. It supports metabolic functions by delivering glucose, which is rapidly absorbed and used by the body for energy.

How to use DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5%

DEXTROSE/VIOSER 5% is intended for intravenous (IV) use only and should be administered by healthcare professionals trained in IV fluid therapy. The route, volume, and rate of administration depend on the patient’s clinical condition, age, body weight, and therapeutic requirements.

• Check the solution: Ensure the fluid is clear and free from particulates. Do not use if the container is damaged.
• Use aseptic technique: During setup and connection to the IV line, follow sterile procedures to prevent contamination.
• Administer via IV line: Infuse slowly, typically into a peripheral vein, though central lines may be used for high-volume infusions.
• Monitor patient closely: Observe for signs of fluid overload, glucose imbalances, or local reactions at the infusion site.
• Do not mix incompatible drugs: Always confirm compatibility before adding medications to the solution.

Always follow institutional protocols and the physician’s prescription when administering DEXTROSE/VIOSER 5%. In patients with diabetes, renal impairment, or fluid restrictions, close monitoring is critical to avoid complications.

Mode of Action DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5%

The pharmacological effect of DEXTROSE/VIOSER 5% is based on the rapid metabolic utility of its active component, dextrose monohydrate (glucose). As a simple carbohydrate, dextrose plays several physiological roles upon intravenous administration.

• Glucose absorption: Dextrose is quickly distributed throughout the body’s extracellular fluid and enters cells via insulin-mediated transport.
• Energy production: Once inside the cell, glucose undergoes glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, generating ATP for essential cellular functions.
• Prevention of ketosis: In fasting states or catabolic stress, glucose infusion prevents the breakdown of fat and protein, reducing ketone formation.
• Fluid balance: As an isotonic solution, it aids in rehydration without causing significant shifts in cellular osmolality.

This infusion supports critical metabolic functions, particularly in patients who are unable to meet caloric needs orally or who require glucose supplementation during surgical or post-operative care.

DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5% Interactions DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5%

DEXTROSE/VIOSER 5% may interact with several medications or affect their pharmacokinetics when co-administered via IV routes. Such interactions can influence glucose balance, fluid status, or compatibility in IV mixtures.

• Insulin: Simultaneous use can potentiate hypoglycemia unless glucose levels are carefully monitored and infusion adjusted.
• Diuretics (e.g., furosemide): May exacerbate electrolyte imbalance when used with dextrose solutions.
• Corticosteroids: These drugs can elevate blood glucose, requiring adjustments to dextrose infusion rates.
• Electrolyte solutions: Must assess compatibility before mixing with potassium chloride, calcium gluconate, or magnesium sulfate.
• Phenytoin or amphotericin B: Incompatible with dextrose-containing solutions; precipitation or loss of potency may occur.

It is essential to consult compatibility charts or pharmacists before mixing other medications with DEXTROSE/VIOSER 5% to prevent adverse interactions or precipitation. Avoid co-administration through the same IV line without thorough compatibility confirmation.

Dosage of DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5%

Dosage for DEXTROSE/VIOSER 5% must be individualized based on patient-specific parameters, including fluid requirements, glucose tolerance, metabolic status, and underlying medical conditions. The solution should be administered under medical supervision.

• Adults: 500–2000 mL/day depending on fluid and energy needs. Infusion rate: typically 3–4 mL/kg/hour, adjusted as necessary.
• Children: 100–150 mL/kg/day; infusion rates must be tailored according to weight and age.
• Elderly: Initiate at lower volumes and monitor closely due to reduced cardiac and renal function.
• Hypoglycemia: 100–250 mL IV over 30–60 minutes or as required, often followed by maintenance fluids.

In all cases, monitor blood glucose, fluid balance, and electrolytes. Use caution in patients with diabetes, renal insufficiency, or congestive heart failure to prevent fluid overload or metabolic complications.

Possible side effects of DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5%

DEXTROSE/VIOSER 5% is typically well-tolerated when administered correctly, but it can cause side effects, especially with high-volume or prolonged infusions.

• Common adverse effects: Hyperglycemia, fluid overload, and local site reactions (e.g., phlebitis, redness, pain).
• Electrolyte imbalances: Dilutional hyponatremia, hypokalemia, or hypomagnesemia may develop.
• Metabolic disturbances: Lactic acidosis or hyperosmolar syndrome in uncontrolled diabetic patients.
• Rare effects: Pulmonary edema, especially in patients with compromised cardiac function.
• Allergic reactions: Extremely rare, but may include rash, itching, or fever.

Prompt medical attention is required if any signs of respiratory distress, altered mental status, or severe local reactions occur. Preventative measures include appropriate dose selection, close monitoring, and maintaining aseptic infusion techniques.

DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5% Contraindications DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5%

DEXTROSE/VIOSER 5% is contraindicated in several clinical scenarios where glucose or fluid administration could pose significant risks. Proper screening is essential before initiating therapy.

• Severe hyperglycemia: Uncontrolled diabetes or insulin-resistant states without adequate glucose monitoring.
• Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage: Worsening of cerebral edema may occur.
• Anuria or severe renal impairment: Risk of fluid retention and hypervolemia.
• Uncorrected electrolyte imbalances: Especially in hyponatremia or hypokalemia, where dextrose-only infusions can exacerbate the imbalance.
• Known hypersensitivity: Allergic reaction to any component of the solution.

Caution is advised in patients with heart failure, pulmonary edema, or those requiring restricted fluid intake. Infusion should be adjusted or avoided in such populations unless absolutely necessary under close monitoring.

Storage of DEXTROSE/ VIOSER 5%

Proper storage of DEXTROSE/VIOSER 5% is essential to maintain its sterility, potency, and safety. Follow these recommended guidelines to ensure product integrity.

• Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze the solution.
• Light exposure: Keep away from direct sunlight and fluorescent lighting to prevent degradation.
• Packaging: Retain the original LDPE bottle and outer packaging until use.
• Visual inspection: Do not use the product if the solution is cloudy, contains particulate matter, or if the container is damaged or leaking.
• Use after opening: Infuse immediately after opening the container. Discard any unused portion to prevent contamination.

Adhere to local protocols for the disposal of unused or expired infusion fluids. Always check the expiration date before administration to ensure patient safety.