Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricaemia

Overview Of Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricaemia

Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricemia is a condition where elevated uric acid levels in the blood result from the rapid breakdown of tumor cells during cancer treatment. This breakdown releases large amounts of uric acid into the bloodstream, leading to hyperuricemia. If not managed promptly, it can progress to tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), a potentially life-threatening condition characterized by metabolic disturbances, including hyperuricemia, hyperkalemia, hyperphosphatemia, and hypocalcemia.

Causes of Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricaemia

• The primary cause of cancer therapy-induced hyperuricemia is the rapid destruction of tumor cells during chemotherapy or radiation therapy. This process, known as tumor lysis, releases intracellular contents, including uric acid, into the bloodstream. Certain cancers, such as hematologic malignancies like leukemia and lymphoma, are more susceptible to this phenomenon due to their high cell turnover rates.

Risk Factors of Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricaemia

• Risk factors for developing cancer therapy-induced hyperuricemia include: - High tumor burden - High cell turnover rate of the tumor - Pre-existing kidney disease - Dehydration - Use of certain chemotherapy agents

Prevention of Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricaemia

• Preventive measures involve: - Ensuring adequate hydration before, during, and after cancer treatment - Using medications like allopurinol or rasburicase to manage uric acid levels - Monitoring for early signs of TLS

Prognosis of Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricaemia

• With prompt and appropriate treatment, the prognosis is generally favorable. However, if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications, including acute kidney injury and death.

Complications of Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricaemia

• Potential complications include: - Acute kidney injury - Cardiac arrhythmias - Seizures - Death

Related Diseases of Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricaemia

• Conditions associated with cancer therapy-induced hyperuricemia include: - Gout - Kidney stones - Acute kidney injury - Cardiac arrhythmias - Seizures

Treatment of Cancer therapy-induced hyperuricaemia

Management strategies include: - Hydration to promote uric acid excretion - Medications such as allopurinol to reduce uric acid production - Rasburicase to break down uric acid - Monitoring and correcting electrolyte imbalances - Dialysis in severe cases to remove excess uric acid