Herpes zoster (shingles)

Overview Of Herpes zoster (shingles)

Herpes zoster, commonly known as shingles, results from the reactivation of the dormant varicella zoster virus (VZV) in individuals who have previously had chickenpox. It is characterized by a painful, blistering rash along the path of specific nerves.

Causes of Herpes zoster (shingles)

• - Reactivation of VZV: The virus remains dormant in sensory nerve ganglia and reactivates due to triggers such as aging or weakened immunity.

Risk Factors of Herpes zoster (shingles)

• - Age: Older adults are more likely to develop shingles. - Immunosuppression: Conditions or medications that weaken the immune system increase risk. - Stress: Emotional or physical stress may trigger reactivation.

Prevention of Herpes zoster (shingles)

• - Vaccination: The shingles vaccine (e.g., Shingrix) reduces the risk of shingles and PHN. - Healthy Lifestyle: Maintaining a strong immune system helps prevent reactivation.

Prognosis of Herpes zoster (shingles)

• Shingles typically resolves within 2-4 weeks, though some individuals develop postherpetic neuralgia (PHN), a chronic pain condition.

Complications of Herpes zoster (shingles)

• - Postherpetic Neuralgia (PHN): Persistent nerve pain after rash resolution. - Ophthalmic Shingles: Involvement of the eye, potentially leading to vision loss. - Secondary Infections: Bacterial infections of the rash. - Neurological Issues: Rarely, encephalitis or motor nerve involvement.

Related Diseases of Herpes zoster (shingles)

• - Varicella Zoster (Chickenpox): The primary infection caused by VZV. - Bell’s Palsy: May be linked to VZV in certain cases. - Postherpetic Neuralgia: Chronic pain condition following shingles.

Treatment of Herpes zoster (shingles)

- **Antiviral Medications**: Acyclovir, valacyclovir, or famciclovir to reduce severity and duration. - **Pain Management**: Analgesics or neuropathic pain medications, such as gabapentin. - **Topical Agents**: Calamine lotion or lidocaine patches for symptom relief.