AKINETON 5mg/ml Injection/Solution for

What is AKINETON 5mg/ml

AKINETON 5mg/ml Injection is a parenteral form of Biperiden, an anticholinergic agent used primarily to manage symptoms associated with Parkinson’s disease and drug-induced extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS). Each ampoule contains 5mg of Biperiden hydrochloride in 1ml solution, and the package includes 5 ampoules.

• Therapeutic Class: Antiparkinsonian agent, specifically anticholinergic.
• Indications:
  • Parkinson's disease (idiopathic and postencephalitic forms)
  • Drug-induced extrapyramidal reactions, particularly those caused by neuroleptics or antipsychotics
  • Acute dystonic reactions, often in emergency settings
• Form: Injectable solution for intramuscular (IM) or intravenous (IV) administration
• Availability: 1ml ampoules, each containing 5mg of Biperiden; supplied in packs of 5 ampoules

Biperiden is valuable in acute settings where rapid symptom relief from dystonia or parkinsonian crisis is necessary. Its injectable form ensures a fast onset of action, making it suitable for emergency intervention in hospital or clinical settings.

How to use AKINETON 5mg/ml

AKINETON Injection should only be administered under medical supervision due to its potent anticholinergic properties and the risk of side effects. It is used when oral therapy is not feasible or in acute clinical settings.

• Route of Administration: Intramuscular (IM) or slow intravenous (IV) injection
• Setting: Usually administered in hospitals or emergency care units
• Preparation:
  • Inspect the ampoule for any discoloration or particles before use
  • Use aseptic technique while drawing and injecting the solution
• Monitoring:
  • Monitor vital signs, especially heart rate and blood pressure
  • Assess mental status and muscle tone after administration

It is important to note that dosage and frequency must be individualized based on the patient’s response and condition. Health professionals must avoid abrupt withdrawal to prevent rebound symptoms, especially in Parkinson’s patients. Regular re-evaluation is necessary for patients on prolonged treatment.

Mode of Action AKINETON 5mg/ml

Biperiden, the active compound in AKINETON, is an anticholinergic agent that works by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine—a neurotransmitter that becomes overly active in Parkinson’s disease and certain drug-induced movement disorders.

• Mechanism of Action:
  • Biperiden selectively blocks muscarinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system (CNS)
  • This action reduces cholinergic activity that contributes to tremors, muscle rigidity, and dystonia
• Target: Basal ganglia of the brain, where the imbalance between acetylcholine and dopamine is critical in Parkinson’s disease
• Effect:
  • Restores the dopamine-acetylcholine balance
  • Reduces involuntary muscle movements, including dystonia and tremors
• Onset and Duration:
  • Onset of action is rapid via IV (within minutes)
  • Effects last for several hours, requiring careful titration in long-term therapy

In acute situations, such as drug-induced dystonic reactions, the rapid onset of Biperiden offers significant clinical relief. It does not reverse the underlying cause but provides symptomatic control effectively.

AKINETON 5mg/ml Interactions AKINETON 5mg/ml

Being an anticholinergic agent, Biperiden (AKINETON) may interact with several classes of drugs, leading to enhanced side effects or reduced therapeutic efficacy. Caution is advised when co-administering other medications.

• Drugs that increase anticholinergic effects:
  • Antihistamines (e.g., diphenhydramine)
  • Tricyclic antidepressants (e.g., amitriptyline)
  • MAO inhibitors
  • Other anticholinergics (e.g., atropine, scopolamine)
• Interactions with antipsychotics:
  • Can reduce the effectiveness of phenothiazines or increase risk of tardive dyskinesia
• Levodopa:
  • May potentiate the effects of levodopa; monitor for excessive stimulation
• Alcohol and CNS depressants:
  • Concurrent use may increase CNS side effects like confusion or drowsiness

Always inform the healthcare provider about all medications the patient is taking, including over-the-counter products, herbal supplements, or recreational substances. Adjustments to therapy may be needed to avoid adverse outcomes.

Dosage of AKINETON 5mg/ml

The dosage of AKINETON 5mg/ml Injection (Biperiden) must be individualized according to the patient's needs and medical condition. It is typically used in acute or emergency situations, particularly for extrapyramidal symptoms.

• General Adult Dosage:
  • Initial dose: 2.5 to 5mg IM or IV, depending on severity
  • Can be repeated after 30 minutes if needed (especially in severe dystonia)
• Maintenance:
  • Switch to oral therapy (e.g., Biperiden tablets) once symptoms stabilize
• Geriatric Use:
  • Start at lower doses due to increased sensitivity and risk of cognitive side effects
• Pediatric Use:
  • Use only under strict specialist supervision; not routinely recommended

Frequent monitoring of mental status, autonomic function (pulse, BP), and movement symptoms is critical during dosage adjustments. Always administer under healthcare supervision in a clinical setting.

Possible side effects of AKINETON 5mg/ml

As with all anticholinergic drugs, AKINETON may cause a range of side effects, some of which can be dose-limiting or require treatment discontinuation. Most side effects are related to its central and peripheral anticholinergic activity.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Dry mouth
  • Blurred vision
  • Dizziness or lightheadedness
  • Constipation
  • Urinary retention
• CNS Effects:
  • Confusion
  • Nervousness
  • Hallucinations, especially in elderly patients
• Cardiovascular Effects:
  • Tachycardia
  • Palpitations
• Rare but Serious Effects:
  • Severe allergic reactions (rash, anaphylaxis)
  • Acute glaucoma (in patients with predisposition)

Prompt reporting of unusual or severe reactions is crucial. Special caution is warranted in the elderly and those with cardiovascular disease, cognitive impairment, or glaucoma.

AKINETON 5mg/ml Contraindications AKINETON 5mg/ml

Biperiden should not be used in certain populations or medical conditions due to the risk of severe adverse effects or lack of benefit. These contraindications should be thoroughly reviewed before prescribing AKINETON Injection.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Known hypersensitivity to Biperiden or any of the excipients
  • Narrow-angle glaucoma
  • Prostatic hypertrophy with urinary retention
  • Myasthenia gravis
• Relative Contraindications:
  • Severe cardiovascular disease
  • Intestinal obstruction or ileus
  • Elderly patients with cognitive impairment

Use caution in patients with a history of substance abuse or psychiatric illness, as CNS stimulation (euphoria, confusion) may occur. Always assess the risk-benefit ratio before initiating therapy in vulnerable populations.

Storage of AKINETON 5mg/ml

Proper storage of AKINETON ensures stability, sterility, and efficacy of the solution. Being a parenteral product, it must be stored and handled according to pharmaceutical standards.

• Storage Conditions:
  • Store below 25°C (77°F)
  • Protect from light—keep in original carton until use
• Do Not Freeze: Freezing can compromise the stability and sterility of the injectable solution
• Inspect Before Use:
  • Check ampoule for any discoloration, cloudiness, or particulate matter
  • Do not use if the solution is not clear or if the ampoule is damaged
• Keep Out of Reach of Children

Expired or unused ampoules should be disposed of safely according to local pharmaceutical waste disposal regulations. Do not flush unused medication down the drain.