ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 Dialysis Fluid

What is ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03

ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 is a sterile, acidic dialysis fluid specially formulated for use in bicarbonate haemodialysis procedures. It is used in conjunction with a bicarbonate solution to create a final dialysis fluid that mimics the body's natural extracellular fluid. This solution plays a vital role in the effective removal of waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes from the blood of patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing haemodialysis.

• Form: Dialysis fluid in a 5-liter can.
• Main Components: Acetic acid (buffer), Calcium chloride, Dextrose (energy source), Magnesium chloride, and Sodium chloride (electrolyte balance).
• Purpose: Supports the removal of uremic toxins and maintenance of acid-base and electrolyte balance during haemodialysis.
• Use in Haemodialysis: This acid concentrate is mixed with a bicarbonate concentrate and purified water within the dialysis machine to prepare the final dialysate.
• Target Patients: Individuals with chronic kidney failure or acute renal injury requiring dialysis support.

The solution is not used on its own but must be diluted and mixed with appropriate bicarbonate concentrates prior to infusion into the dialysis machine. Its formulation is designed to closely match physiological conditions while enhancing toxin clearance and ensuring patient safety during dialysis.

How to use ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03

ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 must be used exclusively by trained healthcare professionals in a clinical setting. It is never administered directly to a patient but is mixed into dialysate preparation systems integrated into dialysis machines.

• Preparation: The concentrate is connected to a dialysis machine equipped with automatic proportioning systems. It is diluted using treated water and a bicarbonate concentrate to achieve the correct final dialysate composition.
• Mixing Ratio: Typically used in a 1+1+34 ratio (acid concentrate + bicarbonate concentrate + water), but actual dilution may vary by machine protocol or physician order.
• Compatibility: Only compatible with specified bicarbonate concentrates; incompatible mixing may cause imbalances or precipitates.
• Application: The prepared dialysate circulates through the dialysis machine, facilitating diffusion and ultrafiltration processes across the semi-permeable membrane in the dialyzer.
• Monitoring: Vital signs, electrolyte levels, and patient response must be closely monitored throughout the session.

Improper use or incorrect dilution of the acid concentrate can result in serious adverse effects, including acidosis, electrolyte disturbances, and even death. It is critical to follow all manufacturer and institutional protocols for safe handling and use.

Mode of Action ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03

The mode of action of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 is based on its role in preparing a physiological dialysate when mixed with bicarbonate concentrate and purified water. The final dialysate facilitates the removal of waste products and correction of fluid and electrolyte imbalances through diffusion and convection processes in haemodialysis.

• Acetic Acid: Provides acidification of the dialysate and helps stabilize bicarbonate, forming carbonic acid which dissociates to regulate pH.
• Sodium Chloride: Maintains osmotic balance and aids in sodium exchange with the patient's blood to control fluid volume.
• Calcium & Magnesium Chloride: Ensure proper electrolyte concentrations, supporting muscle, nerve, and cardiac function.
• Dextrose: Helps control intradialytic hypotension and aids in removal of uremic toxins by drawing water from blood into dialysate.

By combining these components with bicarbonate, the dialysate mimics natural plasma and allows for safe and efficient waste removal while correcting acidosis and electrolyte abnormalities commonly seen in renal failure patients.

ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 Interactions ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03

While ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 is not systemically absorbed, its components can interact indirectly with medications or conditions affecting dialysis patients. The potential for drug interactions arises due to its influence on the patient's fluid, pH, and electrolyte balance.

• Digitalis Glycosides (e.g., Digoxin): Calcium and magnesium levels must be controlled, as fluctuations may increase the risk of toxicity.
• Anti-hypertensives: Sodium and fluid removal through dialysate can potentiate hypotensive effects.
• Phosphate Binders: Changes in calcium levels may affect phosphate binding and serum phosphate levels.
• Insulin and Anti-diabetic Agents: Dextrose in the dialysate may affect glycemic control during dialysis.
• Chelating Agents (e.g., EDTA): May alter calcium and magnesium bioavailability, increasing risk of imbalance.

It is essential to adjust medication dosages and monitor lab values closely during haemodialysis. Clinicians should also evaluate any medications that affect acid-base or electrolyte balance to prevent interactions with the dialysate.

Dosage of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03

ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 is not dosed directly to patients but is used in controlled volumes through automated dialysis systems. The dosage refers to the proportion in which the concentrate is mixed with bicarbonate solution and water to prepare the dialysate.

• Standard Mixing Ratio: Typically 1 part acid concentrate to 1 part bicarbonate concentrate to 34 parts water. This may vary slightly depending on dialysis machine requirements.
• Session Volume: A standard 4-hour haemodialysis session may use between 120 and 150 liters of prepared dialysate.
• Custom Adjustments: Electrolyte concentrations (especially sodium, calcium, and magnesium) may be tailored by a physician to suit individual patient needs.
• Monitoring: Electrolyte levels, blood pH, and overall patient response are monitored to ensure proper dosing efficacy and safety.

The final concentration and flow of dialysate should always be supervised by trained dialysis personnel, and machines should be calibrated regularly to maintain accuracy.

Possible side effects of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03

When used correctly, ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 is generally safe. However, improper dilution, incompatible mixing, or inappropriate electrolyte composition can result in adverse effects.

• Electrolyte Imbalances: Hypercalcemia, hypomagnesemia, or hypernatremia if electrolyte concentrations are misconfigured.
• Metabolic Acidosis or Alkalosis: Due to improper acid-base ratio or buffer mismanagement.
• Hypoglycemia or Hyperglycemia: Caused by inappropriate dextrose concentrations in diabetic or insulin-treated patients.
• Hypotension: Excess fluid removal or inadequate sodium in dialysate may trigger blood pressure drops during dialysis.
• Precipitation Reactions: If mixed improperly with bicarbonate solution, may cause insoluble compounds and block filters or catheters.

Close patient monitoring, laboratory testing, and adherence to mixing protocols are critical in preventing these complications.

ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 Contraindications ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03

There are no absolute contraindications to the use of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 when it is properly diluted and used as part of a dialysis procedure. However, certain patient conditions may require caution or modifications.

• Allergy to Ingredients: Known hypersensitivity to acetic acid, dextrose, or other excipients should be evaluated.
• Severe Hypercalcemia or Hypermagnesemia: Use cautiously or avoid if patients have dangerously high levels of calcium or magnesium.
• Acute Metabolic Disorders: Adjustments are required in cases of lactic acidosis, severe acidosis, or acid-base instability.
• Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: Use with caution due to the dextrose component in dialysate.
• Improper Dilution or Use Outside a Dialysis Machine: Direct infusion is strictly contraindicated and could be fatal.

Medical supervision is essential to assess patient suitability and adjust concentrations accordingly.

Storage of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03

Proper storage of ACID CONCENTRATE FOR BICARBONATE HAEMODIALYSIS KSP-03 ensures its effectiveness, sterility, and safety.

• Temperature: Store at 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Avoid freezing or excessive heat.
• Light Protection: Keep the can in its original packaging away from direct sunlight or strong artificial light.
• Seal Integrity: Do not use if the container is damaged, leaking, or seal is broken.
• Shelf Life: Check the manufacturer's expiration date. Do not use beyond expiry.
• After Opening: Use within the timeframe indicated in product guidelines (usually within 24–48 hours), and store under sterile conditions.

Always follow institutional protocols and manufacturer guidelines for storage and handling. Improper storage may lead to chemical instability or contamination.