HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml Injection

What is HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml

**HUMULIN-N** is a brand of **insulin isophane** (human insulin), an intermediate-acting insulin that plays a crucial role in managing blood sugar levels in individuals with diabetes. It is typically used in both **Type 1** and **Type 2 diabetes** to control **fasting and postprandial glucose levels**. Available as a **10 ml vial** with **100 units/ml**, HUMULIN-N is intended for subcutaneous injection and is often prescribed as part of a **basal-bolus insulin regimen** to provide consistent blood glucose control.

• Insulin Type: HUMULIN-N contains **insulin isophane**, which is an intermediate-acting insulin. This insulin formulation mimics the body's natural insulin, promoting glucose metabolism by facilitating glucose uptake into cells.
• Onset and Duration: HUMULIN-N begins working within **1-2 hours** of injection, with peak effectiveness occurring around **4-6 hours**. Its action lasts for approximately **12-16 hours**, making it ideal for controlling blood glucose levels between meals and overnight.
• Indication: This insulin is used to treat both **Type 1** and **Type 2 diabetes**. It is often combined with rapid-acting insulins or oral anti-diabetic medications to optimize blood glucose control.
• Administration: HUMULIN-N is typically administered via **subcutaneous injection** once or twice a day, depending on individual patient needs and healthcare provider recommendations.

How to use HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml

Using HUMULIN-N correctly is essential for achieving optimal blood glucose control. The following guidelines will help ensure the proper and safe use of this medication.

• 1. Preparing the Injection:
  • Before use, **gently shake** the vial of HUMULIN-N to mix the insulin suspension evenly. Do not shake it vigorously, as this can damage the insulin.
  • Check the vial for any **cloudiness**, **clumps**, or **discoloration**. The insulin should be evenly cloudy. Do not use it if you notice abnormalities in appearance.
• 2. Injection Site Selection:
  • HUMULIN-N is administered **subcutaneously**, meaning it is injected into the fat layer just under the skin.
  • The most common injection sites are the **abdomen**, **upper arm**, and **thigh**. Rotate sites within the same area to avoid tissue damage.
  • Always **clean the injection site** with an alcohol swab before use to minimize the risk of infection.
• 3. Administering the Injection:
  • Use a **sterile needle** and **syringe** to draw the appropriate dose of insulin from the vial.
  • Pinch the skin gently, and insert the needle at a **45 to 90-degree angle** to ensure the insulin is delivered subcutaneously.
  • Hold the needle in place for about **5-10 seconds** to ensure that the full dose has been delivered.
• 4. Post-Injection Care:
  • After the injection, you may experience mild redness or swelling at the injection site. This usually resolves on its own.
  • Dispose of the used needle and syringe in a **sharps container** to prevent injury and contamination.

Mode of Action HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml

HUMULIN-N (Insulin Isophane) is an **intermediate-acting insulin**, meaning it has a slower onset and prolonged effect compared to short-acting insulins. Its mode of action helps regulate blood glucose levels over an extended period, particularly useful for controlling fasting and overnight blood glucose levels.

• 1. Mechanism of Action:
  • HUMULIN-N is a modified form of **human insulin** that works by **binding to insulin receptors** on muscle and fat cells. This promotes the **uptake of glucose** from the bloodstream into cells, where it is either used for energy or stored as glycogen.
  • Insulin also helps to **reduce the production of glucose by the liver**, limiting the amount of glucose released into the bloodstream.
• 2. Onset and Duration:
  • After administration, HUMULIN-N begins to lower blood glucose levels within **1-2 hours**. Its peak effect is typically observed around **4-6 hours**, with its action lasting between **12-16 hours**.
  • Since it has a longer duration of action, it is particularly useful for **maintaining basal insulin levels**, providing coverage during the day and overnight.
• 3. Role in Glucose Regulation:
  • In addition to promoting **glucose uptake** by cells, insulin facilitates the conversion of excess glucose into **glycogen** for storage, primarily in the liver and muscles.
  • Insulin also **inhibits the breakdown of fat** into fatty acids, a process that occurs when blood sugar levels are high. This helps maintain **balanced metabolism** in the body.

HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml Interactions HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml

HUMULIN-N, like all medications, may interact with other drugs, substances, or conditions. Some interactions can either potentiate the effects of insulin, leading to **hypoglycemia**, while others may reduce insulin effectiveness, leading to **hyperglycemia**.

• 1. Medications that increase the risk of hypoglycemia:
  • Oral hypoglycemics (e.g., **metformin**, **sulfonylureas**): These medications work in tandem with HUMULIN-N to lower blood glucose levels, which can increase the risk of low blood sugar.
  • Alcohol: Drinking alcohol can enhance the effect of insulin, potentially causing hypoglycemia, especially if consumed without food.
  • Beta-blockers (e.g., **propranolol**): These drugs can mask symptoms of hypoglycemia, making it harder for patients to recognize low blood sugar levels.
• 2. Medications that may reduce the effectiveness of HUMULIN-N:
  • Corticosteroids (e.g., **prednisone**): These medications can raise blood sugar levels, potentially requiring higher doses of HUMULIN-N to control glucose levels.
  • Thiazide diuretics (e.g., **furosemide**): These may impair insulin’s effectiveness, leading to higher blood sugar levels.
  • Thyroid hormones (e.g., **levothyroxine**): These may decrease insulin requirements, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia.
• 3. Herbal and Nutritional Supplements:
  • **Ginseng** and other herbal supplements may affect blood sugar regulation, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia when combined with insulin.
• 4. Other Considerations:
  • Inform your healthcare provider about any medications, supplements, or changes in your diet that may impact your blood sugar control, as these can influence your insulin needs.

Dosage of HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml

The dosage of HUMULIN-N is individualized, based on a variety of factors including your **weight**, **age**, **activity level**, and **blood glucose readings**. The goal is to achieve a stable blood glucose level, avoiding both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia.

• 1. Initial Dosage:
  • For **Type 1 diabetes**, the usual starting dose ranges from **0.5 to 1.0 unit per kilogram of body weight per day**. The dose is typically split between two injections per day, taken at approximately the same time each day.
  • For **Type 2 diabetes**, the starting dose may be lower, often around **0.2 to 0.4 units per kilogram per day**, depending on the patient's needs and other medications being used.
• 2. Adjustments:
  • Dosage should be adjusted based on **regular blood glucose monitoring**. If blood sugar is consistently high, the dose may need to be increased. Conversely, if blood sugar is low, the dose should be reduced.
• 3. Timing:
  • Typically, HUMULIN-N is injected once or twice daily, either in the morning or evening, depending on the individual's routine and doctor’s recommendations.
  • **Consistent timing** of injections is critical for maintaining stable blood glucose control.

Possible side effects of HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml

As with any medication, HUMULIN-N (insulin isophane) can cause side effects, although not everyone will experience them. It is important to monitor for any signs of adverse reactions and contact a healthcare professional if they occur.

• 1. Common Side Effects:
  • Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): The most common side effect of HUMULIN-N is low blood sugar. Symptoms may include:
    • Tremors or shaking
    • Sweating
    • Headache
    • Dizziness
    • Confusion or difficulty concentrating
  • Injection Site Reactions: Redness, swelling, or irritation at the injection site is common. These reactions are typically mild and resolve within a few hours.
• 2. Less Common but Serious Side Effects:
  • Allergic Reactions: In rare cases, individuals may experience an **allergic reaction** to HUMULIN-N, with symptoms such as:
    • Rash
    • Swelling of the face, lips, or throat
    • Severe dizziness or difficulty breathing
  • Insulin Resistance: Over time, some individuals may develop **insulin resistance**, where the body becomes less responsive to insulin, requiring higher doses to maintain blood sugar control.
• 3. Rare Side Effects:
  • Lipodystrophy: Long-term use of insulin at the same injection site can lead to **lipodystrophy**, a condition where fat tissue either **atrophies** (shrinks) or becomes **hypertrophied** (larger), affecting the absorption of insulin.
  • Hypokalemia (Low Potassium): In rare cases, insulin can cause a decrease in **serum potassium** levels, leading to symptoms such as weakness, fatigue, and muscle cramps.
• 4. Hyperglycemia (High Blood Sugar):
  • Though less common, taking too little insulin can lead to **hyperglycemia**, characterized by symptoms such as:
    • Frequent urination
    • Excessive thirst
    • Blurred vision
    • Fatigue

If any of these side effects occur or worsen, seek immediate medical attention. Regular monitoring of blood glucose levels can help minimize the risk of both hypoglycemia and hyperglycemia.

HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml Contraindications HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml

Contraindications refer to situations or conditions where the use of HUMULIN-N is either not recommended or should be avoided due to potential risks. Below are the primary contraindications:

• 1. Hypersensitivity to Insulin Isophane or Any Component:
  • Individuals who are **allergic** to **insulin isophane** or any of its ingredients should avoid using HUMULIN-N. Symptoms of an allergic reaction may include **rash**, **itching**, **swelling**, or **difficulty breathing**.
• 2. Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar):
  • HUMULIN-N should not be used by individuals experiencing **hypoglycemia**, as insulin can lower blood glucose levels further, potentially leading to severe hypoglycemia, which can be dangerous or life-threatening.
• 3. Severe Liver or Kidney Impairment:
  • Patients with severe **liver** or **kidney** disease may have altered insulin metabolism. In these cases, insulin doses may need to be adjusted to avoid complications such as **hypoglycemia** or **hyperglycemia**. HUMULIN-N may not be appropriate for those with significantly compromised liver or kidney function without careful monitoring and dose adjustment.
• 4. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding:
  • While insulin is generally considered safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding, doses may need to be adjusted. **Pregnant women** or **breastfeeding mothers** should use HUMULIN-N under the supervision of a healthcare provider to ensure proper **blood glucose control** for both mother and baby.
• 5. Pediatric Use:
  • HUMULIN-N is commonly used in children with **Type 1 diabetes**, but caution is necessary when adjusting the dose, as children’s insulin needs can vary greatly with age, activity, and growth rates.

Always consult with a healthcare provider before starting HUMULIN-N to ensure it is safe based on your specific health condition and medical history.

Storage of HUMULIN-N (ISOPHANE) 100 Units/ml

Proper storage of **HUMULIN-N** is critical to maintain the insulin’s **potency** and ensure it remains effective throughout its use. Below are the guidelines for storing HUMULIN-N safely:

• 1. Before Opening:
  • Store the vial of HUMULIN-N in a refrigerator at a temperature between **2°C and 8°C** (36°F and 46°F). Never freeze insulin, as freezing can **damage** the insulin and make it ineffective.
  • **Avoid storing insulin in the freezer**, and ensure it is kept away from direct heat or sunlight.
• 2. After Opening:
  • Once opened, HUMULIN-N can be stored at **room temperature** (up to 25°C or 77°F) for up to **28 days**. Do not expose it to temperatures higher than 30°C (86°F), and keep it away from heat sources like radiators or direct sunlight.
  • If the vial has been exposed to extreme heat or freezing, it should be discarded and replaced with a new vial.
• 3. Disposal:
  • Dispose of any unused or expired insulin in a **proper sharps container**. Never dispose of insulin or needles in household trash to prevent accidents or injury.
• 4. Keep Out of Reach of Children:
  • Ensure that HUMULIN-N is stored securely, away from children and pets, to prevent accidental ingestion or use.

By following these storage guidelines, you can ensure that your HUMULIN-N remains safe and effective for use throughout its duration.