HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml Injection

What is HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml

**HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml** is a **biphasic insulin** formulation used for managing blood glucose levels in individuals diagnosed with **Type 1** or **Type 2 diabetes**. This insulin preparation is a combination of two types of insulin: **20% soluble (regular) insulin** and **80% isophane insulin (NPH)**. It is available in a **10ml vial** with a concentration of **100 IU/ml**, making it suitable for long-term treatment in diabetic patients.

This formulation is designed to provide both **rapid-acting** and **intermediate-acting** insulin effects, helping to stabilize blood glucose levels throughout the day. The **regular insulin** component provides **quick action** to control blood sugar spikes after meals, while the **isophane insulin** ensures that blood glucose levels remain steady during the fasting periods, such as overnight or between meals. The biphasic nature of **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** means that it combines the benefits of two insulin types into a single injection, simplifying the management of diabetes.

**HUMULIN PROFILE-20** is typically administered **subcutaneously**, often in the **abdomen**, **upper arm**, or **thigh**, and is used as part of a broader treatment plan that includes **dietary management**, **exercise**, and sometimes other diabetic medications. The combination of the two insulin types mimics the body’s natural insulin release pattern, offering both **quick control of blood glucose** after meals and **long-lasting support** during fasting periods.

Key Points:

• **Formulation**: Biphasic insulin with 20% soluble insulin (rapid-acting) and 80% isophane insulin (intermediate-acting).
• **Strength**: 100 IU/ml.
• **Volume**: 10 ml vial (total of 1000 IU per vial).
• **Indication**: Used for managing **Type 1** and **Type 2 diabetes**.
• **Administration**: Subcutaneous injection, typically twice daily.
• **Mode of Action**: Provides both rapid and sustained insulin action throughout the day.

How to use HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml

Proper use of **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** is crucial for effective management of blood glucose levels. Here’s a step-by-step guide on how to properly administer this medication:

1. Prepare the Injection

• Before injecting, always **wash your hands** thoroughly with soap and water to prevent infection.
• Ensure that the **HUMULIN PROFILE-20 vial** is not expired and has a **cloudy, white appearance**. Do not use it if the insulin looks clear or contains particles.
• **Roll the vial gently** between your hands to mix the insulin. Avoid shaking the vial, as shaking can cause air bubbles.
• **Check the insulin** by holding the vial up to the light to ensure the solution is evenly mixed and free of bubbles.

2. Choose the Injection Site

• The most common injection sites are the **abdomen**, **upper arms**, or **thighs**. Rotate sites regularly to avoid skin irritation and ensure even absorption of insulin.
• For best absorption, inject the insulin in **areas with more fatty tissue**, avoiding muscles that are used frequently for exercise.

3. Injecting the Insulin

• Once you’ve prepared the syringe with the correct dose, **pinch a fold of skin** at the injection site to create a pocket of fatty tissue.
• Insert the needle at a **90-degree angle** to the skin, and slowly **push the plunger** to inject the insulin.
• After the injection, **remove the needle** and gently **massage the site** to promote absorption and reduce discomfort.
• Dispose of the used syringe and needle in a **sharps container** to prevent accidental needle sticks.

4. Dosage and Frequency

• **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** is typically injected **twice daily**, about **30 minutes before meals**.
• The **dosage** is determined by your healthcare provider based on your blood glucose readings, insulin sensitivity, and lifestyle factors.

5. Post-Injection Care

• It is essential to **monitor your blood glucose levels** regularly as advised by your healthcare provider. If you experience any symptoms of **hypoglycemia** (low blood sugar) or **hyperglycemia** (high blood sugar), seek immediate medical advice.

Mode of Action HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml

**HUMULIN PROFILE-20** is a **biphasic insulin** formulation consisting of both **regular insulin (20%)** and **isophane insulin (80%)**, providing a dual action to control blood glucose levels throughout the day.

1. Regular Insulin (Soluble Insulin) – 20%

• The **regular insulin** in **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** is a **short-acting insulin** that starts to act within **30 minutes** of injection.
• This rapid onset of action helps control the **postprandial (after meal)** rise in blood glucose levels by facilitating the uptake of glucose into cells for energy production or storage.
• **Peak action** occurs in **2-4 hours**, providing peak insulin coverage for glucose that is absorbed during meals.
• Its **duration** of effect is typically **6-8 hours**, providing coverage for immediate blood sugar spikes.

2. Isophane Insulin (NPH Insulin) – 80%

• The **isophane insulin** is a **long-acting insulin** that is absorbed more slowly, with a **delayed onset** of action, usually starting after **1-2 hours**.
• It provides a **longer-lasting effect**, with its **peak action** occurring at **4-12 hours**, helping control blood glucose levels during fasting periods or between meals.
• The **duration of action** lasts from **12-18 hours**, providing **basal insulin** coverage throughout the day and night.

Combined Effect:

• The combination of **rapid-acting regular insulin** and **long-acting isophane insulin** ensures comprehensive blood glucose control.
• The **biphasic nature** provides both **immediate** and **sustained** insulin action, closely mimicking the body’s natural insulin release pattern.
• This reduces the need for multiple insulin injections and offers an effective solution for managing blood glucose levels throughout the day with just one injection.

HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml Interactions HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml

**HUMULIN PROFILE-20** can interact with several medications, potentially altering its effectiveness or increasing the risk of side effects. Awareness of these drug interactions is crucial to prevent **hypoglycemia** or **hyperglycemia**.

1. Drugs That May Increase the Risk of Hypoglycemia

• **Oral Antidiabetic Medications**: Medications like **sulfonylureas** (e.g., **glibenclamide**) or **meglitinides** (e.g., **repaglinide**) may increase the effects of **HUMULIN PROFILE-20**, leading to a higher risk of **low blood sugar**.
• **Alcohol**: Excessive consumption of alcohol, especially on an empty stomach, can **enhance the insulin effect**, causing **hypoglycemia**.
• **ACE Inhibitors**: Medications like **enalapril** can potentiate insulin's hypoglycemic effects and may require closer blood glucose monitoring.
• **Beta-Blockers**: Beta-blockers such as **propranolol** may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia, such as **tachycardia**, making it harder for patients to detect low blood sugar levels.

2. Drugs That May Decrease Insulin Effectiveness

• **Corticosteroids** (e.g., **prednisone**) can raise blood glucose levels, potentially increasing the need for insulin and causing **hyperglycemia**.
• **Thiazide Diuretics** (e.g., **hydrochlorothiazide**) can also raise blood sugar levels and affect the action of **HUMULIN PROFILE-20**.
• **Thyroid Hormones** (e.g., **levothyroxine**) may increase the insulin requirements in diabetic patients.

3. Other Potential Interactions

• **Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors (MAOIs)** can increase insulin's effects, leading to a **greater risk of hypoglycemia**.
• **Sympathomimetic Drugs**, such as **ephedrine**, can elevate blood glucose levels and may require dose adjustments.

Recommendation:

• Always inform your healthcare provider about all the medications you are taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.
• Frequent **blood glucose monitoring** is essential when starting a new medication or changing the dose of your existing drugs.

Dosage of HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml

The dosage of **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** is highly individualized based on factors such as the patient’s weight, lifestyle, blood glucose levels, and the type of diabetes being managed. Below are general guidelines for **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** dosage.

1. Starting Dose

• For **Type 1 diabetes**, the typical starting dose is **0.5-1.0 IU/kg** of body weight per day, split into two daily doses.
• For **Type 2 diabetes**, the starting dose is usually lower, ranging from **0.3-0.5 IU/kg** per day, and may be adjusted based on the patient’s blood glucose control needs.

2. Adjusting the Dose

• Frequent **blood glucose monitoring** is essential for adjusting the dose of **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** to ensure optimal blood sugar control.
• If blood sugar levels are consistently too high, the dose may need to be **increased**, while low blood sugar levels may require a **reduction** in the insulin dose.

3. Frequency of Administration

• **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** is typically injected **twice daily** — once in the **morning** and once in the **evening**, about **30 minutes before meals**.
• Spacing the doses out helps to maintain consistent insulin levels in the blood throughout the day, controlling blood glucose both after meals and during fasting periods.

4. Adjustments for Special Conditions

• During times of **stress**, **illness**, or **pregnancy**, insulin requirements may change, and doses should be carefully monitored and adjusted.
• **Exercise** can lower blood glucose levels, so additional adjustments to the insulin dose may be needed during physical activity.

Always consult with your healthcare provider to determine the correct dosage based on your individual needs.

Possible side effects of HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml

As with any medication, **HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml** can cause side effects. While many individuals may not experience these effects, it's important to be aware of them to better manage potential issues. Below are the most common and serious side effects associated with this insulin formulation.

1. Common Side Effects

• Hypoglycemia (Low Blood Sugar): The most frequent side effect of insulin therapy, including **HUMULIN PROFILE-20**, is **hypoglycemia**. Symptoms include shaking, sweating, rapid heartbeat, dizziness, confusion, and irritability. Severe hypoglycemia can lead to seizures, loss of consciousness, or even coma if untreated.
• Injection Site Reactions: Some patients may experience **redness**, **swelling**, **itching**, or **pain** at the injection site. These reactions are typically temporary and may resolve on their own over time.
• Weight Gain: Insulin therapy may cause weight gain due to the regulation of glucose metabolism and its storage as fat. Patients should monitor their weight and work with their healthcare provider to manage this issue.
• Edema (Swelling): Fluid retention can occur, particularly in the feet, ankles, and hands. This side effect is typically mild but may require monitoring in people with heart or kidney conditions.

2. Serious Side Effects

• Severe Hypoglycemia: While mild hypoglycemia can be treated with food or glucose, **severe hypoglycemia** requires immediate intervention, such as the administration of **glucagon** or intravenous glucose.
• Allergic Reactions: Although rare, **allergic reactions** to insulin, including **HUMULIN PROFILE-20**, may occur. Symptoms can include rash, difficulty breathing, swelling of the face, tongue, or throat, and should be addressed immediately with emergency medical attention.
• Insulin Resistance: Over time, some patients may develop **insulin resistance**, where the body becomes less responsive to insulin. This can lead to **higher blood glucose levels** and may require adjustments in insulin therapy or additional medications.
• Lipodystrophy: Repeated injections in the same site can lead to **lipodystrophy**, which involves changes in fat tissue, such as **lipohypertrophy (fat accumulation)** or **lipoatrophy (loss of fat tissue)**. This can interfere with insulin absorption and cause unpredictable blood glucose levels.

3. Long-Term Effects

• Cardiovascular Risk: Long-term insulin use, especially in higher doses, has been associated with an increased risk of **cardiovascular disease** in people with diabetes. Monitoring heart health is crucial for patients on insulin therapy.
• Vision Problems: While not directly caused by insulin, the long-term management of blood glucose levels and the effects of uncontrolled diabetes can lead to **diabetic retinopathy**, affecting vision over time. Regular eye exams are recommended.

Recommendation:

• Patients should **monitor blood glucose levels** frequently to prevent hypoglycemia and adjust the insulin dose as needed.
• If experiencing severe or persistent side effects, contact your healthcare provider immediately to discuss potential adjustments in therapy or alternatives.

HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml Contraindications HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml

Before using **HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml**, it is important to understand its **contraindications**—conditions or situations where this medication should not be used. Using **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** inappropriately can lead to serious health risks. Here are the primary contraindications for this insulin product:

1. Hypersensitivity to Insulin or Ingredients

• **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** should not be used by individuals who are **allergic** to any of its components, including **insulin** or other ingredients used in the formulation (e.g., **m-cresol**, **glycerin**). Allergic reactions may manifest as **rash**, **swelling**, **breathing difficulties**, or anaphylaxis.
• Patients with a known **history of severe allergic reactions** to insulin or its components should avoid this product.

2. Hypoglycemia

• **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** should not be used in **patients with severe hypoglycemia** (very low blood sugar levels) without appropriate adjustments or treatment. Insulin should never be used when a patient’s blood glucose levels are dangerously low, as it may exacerbate the condition.
• In cases where a patient has not eaten for an extended period, or is at risk for hypoglycemia (such as during prolonged physical activity), insulin administration should be postponed until blood glucose levels are stabilized.

3. Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA)

• **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** is not a suitable treatment for **diabetic ketoacidosis** (DKA), a serious condition where the body produces high levels of **ketones** due to insufficient insulin and uncontrolled blood glucose. DKA requires immediate medical treatment, including intravenous fluids, electrolytes, and short-acting insulin.

4. Severe Renal or Hepatic Impairment

• **Severe kidney or liver disease** can affect insulin metabolism, leading to prolonged action of insulin and an increased risk of **hypoglycemia**. **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** should be used with caution in individuals with these conditions. Dosing adjustments may be required, and close monitoring is necessary.

5. Pregnancy and Breastfeeding

• During **pregnancy**, insulin needs often change, and **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** may need to be adjusted. This medication is classified as **Category B** by the FDA, meaning that it has not been shown to harm a fetus in animal studies, but its safety in pregnancy should be evaluated by a healthcare provider.
• **Breastfeeding mothers** should use **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** with caution, as insulin can pass into breast milk. Insulin therapy may need to be adjusted depending on the mother's needs and blood glucose levels.

6. Children and Adolescents

• While **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** is sometimes used in **children** and **adolescents** with diabetes, the safety and efficacy in younger populations should be carefully monitored by a healthcare provider. Dosing in pediatric patients should be individualized and based on the child’s size, insulin needs, and blood glucose levels.

Recommendation:

• **Consult a healthcare provider** before starting **HUMULIN PROFILE-20**, especially if you have any of the conditions mentioned above. Proper assessment and personalized treatment plans can minimize risks and ensure effective diabetes management.

Storage of HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml

Proper storage of **HUMULIN PROFILE-20 100 IU/ml** is essential to maintain the medication's **effectiveness** and **safety**. Follow the guidelines below to ensure that the insulin remains stable and potent until it is needed:

1. Unopened Vial Storage

• **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** should be stored in the **refrigerator** between **2°C and 8°C (36°F and 46°F)**. Do not freeze the insulin, as freezing can damage the product and render it ineffective.
• Keep the vial in its original **carton** to protect it from light, as exposure to light can degrade the insulin.
• **Expiration date**: Always check the expiration date on the vial. Do not use the insulin past its expiration date, as it may no longer be effective.

2. After Opening the Vial

• Once opened, **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** can be stored at **room temperature (up to 30°C or 86°F)** for up to **28 days**. However, it should still be kept away from direct heat or sunlight.
• If stored at room temperature, ensure the vial is capped securely to avoid contamination and degradation of the insulin.
• Do not use the insulin if it has been exposed to **extreme heat** (such as left in a hot car) or **freezing temperatures**.

3. Disposal of Used Vials

• Used insulin vials, syringes, and needles should be disposed of in a **sharps container**. Never dispose of these items in the household trash, as improper disposal may pose a risk to others.

4. General Storage Guidelines

• **HUMULIN PROFILE-20** should be kept out of reach of **children** to prevent accidental ingestion or misuse.
• Regularly inspect the insulin for any changes in color, clarity, or particles. The solution should appear **cloudy white** and not contain any clumps or crystals. If these changes occur, the vial should be discarded.

Recommendation:

• Always follow the **storage instructions** provided on the label or by your healthcare provider to ensure the insulin remains safe and effective.
• If you're unsure about whether your insulin is still good, consult your pharmacist or healthcare provider before use.