50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

50% w/v Dextrose Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic, hypertonic solution of dextrose (anhydrous) in water, intended for intravenous administration. This formulation is commonly used in medical settings as a source of calories and fluid replacement for patients unable to take food orally or enterally. The product comes in a 100ml plastic bag, suitable for controlled infusion.

• Active Ingredient: Dextrose (anhydrous), which is chemically identical to glucose, a simple sugar the body uses for energy.
• Concentration: 50% w/v, meaning each 100ml contains 50 grams of dextrose.
• Form: Infusion/Solution for IV use only.
• Primary Use: Management of severe hypoglycemia, provision of parenteral nutrition, and dilution of compatible medications.
• Administration Route: Intravenous (IV), generally administered under medical supervision.

This hypertonic solution is particularly useful in emergency scenarios, such as insulin overdose or unconscious hypoglycemic states. It provides rapid glucose delivery directly into the bloodstream.

How to use 50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper use of 50% Dextrose Injection requires careful attention to dosage, infusion rate, and compatibility with other IV drugs. It is administered by trained healthcare professionals in a clinical setting.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous (IV) infusion, preferably via a central vein due to the hypertonic nature.
• Method: Administer using aseptic technique with sterile IV equipment.
• Dosage: Determined by the physician based on patient's glucose levels, body weight, and clinical condition.
• Infusion Rate: Must be controlled to avoid sudden changes in blood glucose or fluid overload.
• Monitoring: Frequent monitoring of blood glucose levels and electrolyte balance is essential during treatment.
• Compatibility: Must not be mixed with incompatible drugs; consult a pharmacist before co-administration.

In patients with diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance, extra caution is warranted. Administration should be done slowly to prevent osmotic diuresis and hyperglycemia.

Mode of Action 50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The primary therapeutic action of 50% Dextrose Injection is based on rapid glucose supplementation. Dextrose (glucose) is a monosaccharide that plays a crucial role in cellular energy production.

• Cellular Uptake: Upon infusion, dextrose is rapidly distributed in extracellular fluids and transported into cells via insulin-dependent and insulin-independent mechanisms.
• Metabolic Pathway: Once inside the cells, it undergoes glycolysis and enters the Krebs cycle, generating ATP – the body’s primary energy currency.
• Hypertonic Effect: The high osmolarity draws water from intracellular compartments to the extracellular space, which can increase circulating blood volume temporarily.
• Caloric Support: Provides 3.4 kcal/gram of dextrose, making it a valuable energy source for patients requiring parenteral nutrition.

In critical care settings, this solution helps reverse hypoglycemia quickly, while supporting cellular functions in malnourished or catabolic patients. It's also used as a "carrier" solution for drug delivery.

50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Interactions 50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While 50% Dextrose Injection is generally well tolerated, it may interact with certain medications and medical conditions. Awareness of these interactions is essential to avoid adverse effects.

• Insulin: Co-administration may require careful glucose monitoring to avoid hypoglycemia.
• Potassium chloride: May increase the risk of hyperkalemia if combined without monitoring serum electrolytes.
• Corticosteroids: These can increase blood glucose levels, diminishing the hypoglycemic effect of dextrose.
• Diuretics (e.g., thiazides, furosemide): May alter fluid and electrolyte balance when used with dextrose infusions.
• Warfarin: Dextrose solutions may influence coagulation tests, requiring monitoring in patients on anticoagulants.

Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking before receiving 50% Dextrose Injection to avoid interactions.

Dosage of 50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

The dosage of 50% Dextrose Injection USP is individualized based on the patient's medical condition, age, weight, and blood glucose levels.

• Hypoglycemia (Adults): A typical dose is 25 to 50 ml IV push (equivalent to 12.5–25 grams of dextrose), followed by blood glucose monitoring.
• Parenteral Nutrition: Dosage may range from 100ml to 200ml per day or more, depending on caloric needs and clinical tolerance.
• Pediatric Use: Lower volumes and slower infusion rates are used, under strict monitoring, due to the risk of hyperglycemia or cerebral edema.
• Rate of Administration: Must be infused slowly to prevent vein irritation and hyperosmolar complications. Preferably administered via a central line.
• Monitoring: Frequent assessment of blood glucose and serum electrolytes is mandatory during therapy.

Dosing adjustments are made based on glucose response and overall fluid balance. Medical supervision is essential to avoid complications such as hyperglycemia or fluid overload.

Possible side effects of 50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

While 50% Dextrose Injection is generally safe when administered properly, it can cause side effects, especially when given rapidly or in excessive amounts.

• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood sugar levels may occur, particularly in patients with impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes.
• Phlebitis: Inflammation of the vein at the injection site due to hypertonicity of the solution.
• Fluid Overload: Excessive volume can lead to pulmonary edema, especially in patients with cardiac or renal dysfunction.
• Electrolyte Imbalance: Hypokalemia and hyponatremia can result from large-volume administration without appropriate electrolyte monitoring.
• Local Irritation: Pain, redness, or swelling at the infusion site.
• Osmotic Diuresis: High glucose levels may increase urine output, potentially causing dehydration.

Immediate medical attention is required if symptoms like confusion, tremors, or shortness of breath occur. Routine monitoring significantly reduces the risk of serious side effects.

50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP Contraindications 50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

50% Dextrose Injection should not be used in certain patient populations or conditions due to the risk of complications.

• Hyperglycemia: Contraindicated in patients with significantly elevated blood glucose levels.
• Diabetic Coma (without insulin): Should not be used without concurrent insulin therapy in such cases.
• Hypokalemia: Can worsen low potassium levels if not supplemented appropriately.
• Anuria or Severe Renal Impairment: Risk of fluid overload and electrolyte imbalances is high.
• Intracranial Hemorrhage: Hyperglycemia may worsen neurological outcomes in such patients.
• Dehydration without Electrolyte Replacement: May exacerbate fluid and sodium imbalances.

Each patient's medical history should be thoroughly reviewed before administration to rule out contraindications and avoid serious harm.

Storage of 50% w/v DEXTROSE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is vital to maintain the sterility and efficacy of 50% Dextrose Injection USP.

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature between 15°C and 30°C (59°F–86°F).
• Protection from Light: Keep in the original packaging until use to protect from light exposure.
• Do Not Freeze: Freezing may compromise the integrity of the plastic bag and solution.
• Inspect Before Use: Discard if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or if the bag is leaking or damaged.
• Single-Use Only: Once opened, the product must be used immediately and any unused portion discarded.
• Keep Out of Reach of Children: For professional use only, not to be stored in non-clinical environments.

Following appropriate storage guidelines ensures that the medication remains safe and effective for intravenous use.