5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL] Injection/Solution for

What is 5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL]

5% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection, USP [MEDISAL] is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution intended for intravenous administration. It comes in a 500ml polypropylene bottle and contains 5 grams of sodium chloride (NaCl) per 100 ml of water. This hypertonic solution is primarily used in clinical settings to manage significant fluid and electrolyte imbalances, particularly in patients who require sodium supplementation or correction of hyponatremia (low blood sodium levels).

• Generic Name: Sodium chloride
• Strength: 5% w/v (5g/100ml)
• Form: Injection / Solution for intravenous use
• Packaging: 500ml Polypropylene Bottle
• Pharmacologic Class: Electrolyte replenisher

This solution is not intended for routine fluid replacement and is generally reserved for specific indications due to its hypertonic nature, which can significantly affect the body's osmolar balance. It should only be used under strict medical supervision with regular monitoring of electrolyte levels.

How to use 5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL]

This medication is administered intravenously by healthcare professionals in hospital or clinical settings. Its usage is based on individual patient requirements and should be guided by laboratory values, particularly serum sodium levels.

• Route of administration: Intravenous infusion only
• Administration rate: Must be carefully controlled. Rapid infusion can result in osmotic demyelination syndrome or fluid overload.
• Monitoring: Close monitoring of serum electrolytes, fluid balance, and vital signs is essential during administration.
• Compatibility: It can be mixed with other IV medications if confirmed compatible. Always follow institutional protocols and pharmacy guidance.
• Preparation: Inspect the solution visually before administration. Do not use if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or contains particulate matter.

Patients should not self-administer this injection. It is strictly for use by trained medical personnel. Proper aseptic techniques must be observed to prevent contamination and infection.

Mode of Action 5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL]

The therapeutic action of 5% Sodium Chloride Injection lies in its ability to provide sodium and chloride ions, essential electrolytes required for maintaining extracellular fluid volume, nerve function, and muscle contraction.

• Sodium Ion (Na⁺): Crucial for maintaining extracellular fluid balance, membrane potential, and nerve signal transmission.
• Chloride Ion (Cl⁻): Works with sodium to regulate osmotic pressure and acid-base balance in the body.
• Hypertonic Effect: The 5% solution has an osmolarity significantly higher than blood plasma. When infused, it draws water out of intracellular and interstitial compartments into the vascular space, increasing plasma volume.
• Volume Expansion: The hyperosmolar nature of the solution aids in correcting severe hyponatremia or acute fluid losses with electrolyte imbalances.

Overall, the solution works by restoring sodium levels and osmotic balance in cases of acute sodium deficiency or water intoxication, contributing to the stabilization of cell function and cardiovascular status.

5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL] Interactions 5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL]

Though Sodium Chloride is a naturally occurring electrolyte, certain drug interactions can alter its effect or safety profile when used in hypertonic concentrations.

• Diuretics (e.g., Furosemide, Hydrochlorothiazide): May exacerbate sodium loss or imbalance if not monitored appropriately.
• Corticosteroids (e.g., Prednisone): Can cause sodium retention and fluid overload, particularly if sodium chloride is administered concurrently.
• Antihypertensive agents: The volume expansion from hypertonic saline can blunt the effects of these medications, especially ACE inhibitors and ARBs.
• NSAIDs: Can increase the risk of fluid retention and hypertension when combined with sodium chloride infusions.
• Potassium-sparing diuretics (e.g., Spironolactone): While these conserve potassium, they may not counteract sodium imbalances effectively.

Always inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking to ensure proper electrolyte and fluid management. Regular monitoring of blood chemistry is essential to detect any adverse interactions early.

Dosage of 5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL]

Dosage of this hypertonic sodium chloride solution is highly individualized and should be determined based on clinical condition, age, weight, and laboratory values.

• Adults: Typically 100–200 ml infused slowly over several hours, depending on the severity of hyponatremia or fluid loss. Total daily volume should not exceed clinically recommended limits.
• Pediatrics: Should only be administered under expert pediatric supervision with careful monitoring.
• Maximum infusion rate: Varies, but generally not faster than 10 ml/kg/hour. Rapid correction of sodium levels can lead to serious neurological complications.
• Monitoring requirements:
  • Serum sodium levels
  • Osmolality
  • Fluid balance (input/output)
  • Vital signs

The goal is to slowly restore sodium levels while avoiding complications such as cerebral edema or central pontine myelinolysis. Only healthcare professionals should calculate and administer the dose.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL]

Like any potent intravenous solution, 5% Sodium Chloride Injection may lead to side effects, particularly if not administered properly or if the patient has underlying conditions.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Injection site reactions (pain, redness, swelling)
  • Headache or dizziness due to shifts in fluid balance
  • Thirst or dry mouth
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Hypernatremia (excess sodium levels), leading to neurological symptoms like confusion, seizures, or coma
  • Pulmonary edema or fluid overload
  • Hypertension or cardiovascular strain due to volume expansion
  • Metabolic acidosis or alkalosis depending on patient's status
• Allergic reactions: Although rare, may include rash, itching, or anaphylactic symptoms

Patients should be closely monitored throughout the infusion period, and the infusion should be stopped immediately if adverse reactions occur.

5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL] Contraindications 5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL]

There are specific clinical conditions where the use of 5% Sodium Chloride Injection is contraindicated due to the risks of worsening the patient’s health status.

• Hypernatremia: Already elevated sodium levels make administration of this solution dangerous.
• Severe congestive heart failure (CHF): The sodium and fluid load can exacerbate symptoms of heart failure.
• Severe renal impairment or anuria: Inability to excrete sodium may lead to fluid retention, hypertension, and edema.
• Pulmonary edema: Hypertonic solutions may exacerbate fluid shifts into the lungs, worsening respiratory distress.
• Uncontrolled hypertension: Sodium chloride can elevate blood pressure further.

The medication should only be used after thorough evaluation by a healthcare provider, with consideration of the patient’s full clinical picture and ongoing monitoring of response.

Storage of 5% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION, USP [MEDISAL]

Proper storage ensures the safety and efficacy of this sterile intravenous solution. The manufacturer’s guidelines should be followed precisely.

• Temperature: Store at 15°C to 30°C (59°F to 86°F). Avoid exposure to extreme heat or freezing conditions.
• Light exposure: Protect from excessive light. Store in original packaging until ready to use.
• Container care: Do not use the solution if the bottle is leaking, damaged, or has been punctured.
• Inspection before use: Discard the product if the solution appears discolored, cloudy, or contains visible particles.
• Post-opening use: Once the seal is broken, use immediately. Discard any unused portion.

Keep the product out of reach of children. Always follow hospital protocols for storage and disposal of parenteral solutions.