5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose & 0.9% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous (IV) solution used primarily for fluid and electrolyte replenishment and as a source of calories. The solution is a combination of two key components:

• Dextrose (anhydrous) 5% w/v: A form of glucose that provides immediate energy for cellular processes.
• Sodium Chloride 0.9% w/v: Commonly referred to as "normal saline", it helps restore electrolyte balance and maintain plasma osmolarity.

This solution is commonly used in clinical settings for:

• Rehydration in patients with fluid loss due to vomiting, diarrhea, or surgery
• Correction of mild to moderate sodium depletion
• Providing a calorie source when oral intake is inadequate or impossible
• Vehicle for administration of compatible intravenous medications

The 2000ml packaging is suitable for adult patients requiring large-volume replacement over extended periods under medical supervision.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The solution is for intravenous infusion only and should be administered by a trained healthcare professional. Before use, inspect the solution and container visually for particulate matter and discoloration.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion via central or peripheral vein, depending on the patient’s condition and volume requirement.
• Infusion Rate: Must be individualized. The rate and duration of infusion depend on patient’s fluid and electrolyte needs, age, body weight, and clinical condition.
• Preparation: Use aseptic technique. Connect the IV line using a sterile set, clamp the line to control flow, and start infusion slowly while monitoring patient response.
• Compatibility: Check compatibility before adding medications. Do not use if the solution becomes cloudy or contains particulate matter.

Important considerations:

• Do not infuse rapidly to avoid fluid overload.
• Monitor serum glucose and electrolytes during prolonged therapy.
• Discard any unused portion after single use; this solution does not contain preservatives.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV solution exerts its therapeutic effects through the combined physiological actions of its constituents:

• Dextrose (Glucose):
  • Rapidly absorbed and utilized by the body's cells for energy production via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation.
  • Helps to minimize protein catabolism and supports glycogen storage.
  • Contributes to caloric intake, particularly in patients who are NPO (nil per os).
• Sodium Chloride:
  • Provides essential sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions, which are critical for maintaining osmotic pressure, acid-base balance, and nerve/muscle function.
  • Restores extracellular fluid volume, especially in cases of hypovolemia or isotonic dehydration.

The combined infusion mimics the composition of extracellular fluid and supports physiological hydration and electrolyte stability while offering energy support through glucose metabolism.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Though generally safe when used appropriately, this solution may interact with other medications or underlying medical conditions:

• Corticosteroids & Corticotropin: May cause sodium and fluid retention, increasing the risk of hypernatremia or fluid overload.
• Diuretics: May alter sodium and water balance; loop diuretics can lead to hypokalemia or dehydration.
• Insulin: Increases glucose uptake; monitor for hypoglycemia when co-administered.
• Antihypertensives (e.g., ACE inhibitors): May affect sodium balance; monitor electrolytes closely.
• Cardiac glycosides (e.g., digoxin): Hypokalemia and electrolyte imbalances can enhance toxicity risk.

Medical conditions to consider:

• Heart failure, hypertension, renal impairment – may increase the risk of volume overload
• Diabetes mellitus – monitor for hyperglycemia due to dextrose component

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage must be customized by the prescribing physician according to the patient's age, weight, fluid and electrolyte requirements, and clinical condition. The following serves as a general guide:

• Adults:
  • Typical infusion rates: 500–3000 mL per day.
  • For larger deficits or ongoing losses, up to 4000 mL/day may be administered under strict monitoring.
• Elderly:
  • Start at lower end of the dosing range to avoid volume overload.
  • Monitor cardiac and renal function closely.
• Children: Dose adjusted based on body weight and fluid requirements (not typical for 2000ml bag; consider smaller volumes).

Monitoring parameters:

• Serum electrolytes (especially Na⁺, K⁺, Cl⁻)
• Blood glucose levels
• Fluid balance (input/output)
• Signs of overhydration or electrolyte disturbances

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Adverse reactions are rare when the solution is used correctly but can occur, especially with large volumes or prolonged administration:

• Common side effects:
  • Local reactions at infusion site (pain, swelling, redness)
  • Flush or warmth sensation during infusion
• Systemic side effects:
  • Fluid overload (edema, shortness of breath)
  • Hyperglycemia (especially in diabetic patients)
  • Electrolyte imbalances (hypernatremia, hypokalemia)
• Rare but serious reactions:
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Congestive heart failure exacerbation
  • Metabolic acidosis or alkalosis depending on fluid shifts

Monitoring and prompt intervention help prevent complications.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The use of this IV solution is contraindicated in the following conditions:

• Severe hyperglycemia or diabetic coma (without insulin): Risk of worsening hyperosmolar state.
• Severe hypernatremia: May exacerbate sodium overload.
• Fluid overload states:
  • Congestive heart failure
  • Severe renal impairment (oliguria, anuria)
  • Pulmonary edema
• Uncontrolled hypertension: Due to sodium load.
• Known hypersensitivity to components (rare): Although extremely uncommon, any history of allergic reaction to dextrose or sodium chloride would warrant avoidance.

Use with caution in elderly and those with underlying cardiac or renal disorders.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage ensures the safety and effectiveness of the IV solution. Follow these guidelines:

• Storage temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F). Do not freeze.
• Keep in original packaging: To protect from excessive light and contamination.
• Shelf-life: Follow the expiration date printed on the label. Do not use expired products.
• Inspection before use:
  • Check for particulate matter or discoloration.
  • Do not use if the container is damaged or the seal is broken.
• Disposal: Discard unused portion; do not store partially used bags. Follow hospital protocols or local regulations for medical waste disposal.

Keep out of reach of children and unauthorized personnel.