5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose & 0.9% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous (IV) solution used primarily for fluid replenishment, caloric supply, and electrolyte balance in clinical settings. It combines two critical components:

• Dextrose (anhydrous) – A simple sugar (glucose) that provides immediate energy to the body.
• Sodium chloride – Commonly known as salt, this provides essential sodium and chloride ions for maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance.

This solution is commonly administered via IV infusion and is used in a variety of settings, including surgery, trauma, infection, dehydration, or as part of total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The administration of this IV solution should always be performed by trained healthcare professionals in a clinical environment. Proper usage includes:

• Route of administration: Intravenous infusion only.
• Infusion rate: Adjusted according to the patient’s age, weight, fluid balance, electrolyte requirements, and clinical condition.
• Monitoring: Regular monitoring of vital signs, electrolyte levels, blood glucose, and fluid balance is essential during administration.
• Compatibility: The solution can be mixed with compatible IV drugs or additional electrolytes if required, but compatibility must be verified.
• Precaution: Ensure the plastic bag is intact and the solution is clear and particle-free before use.

This solution should not be used unless prescribed, and infusion rates must be tailored to individual needs to prevent fluid overload or electrolyte disturbances.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effects of this solution are due to the combined physiological actions of dextrose and sodium chloride:

• Dextrose:
  • Rapidly metabolized to provide calories and energy.
  • Helps in protein sparing by reducing the need for amino acid catabolism.
  • Supports osmotic balance and hydration.
• Sodium chloride:
  • Maintains extracellular fluid volume and osmotic pressure.
  • Supports neuromuscular transmission and renal function.
  • Replenishes lost sodium and chloride during dehydration or medical conditions involving electrolyte imbalance.

The combined action supports both fluid replacement and short-term nutritional support, especially in patients unable to ingest food orally.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Interactions may occur with medications or conditions that influence fluid balance, glucose metabolism, or electrolyte levels. Key interactions include:

• Corticosteroids: May increase sodium retention and fluid overload.
• Diuretics (e.g., furosemide): May affect electrolyte levels, requiring closer monitoring.
• Insulin: May be required in diabetic patients as dextrose elevates blood glucose.
• ACE inhibitors and ARBs: Can influence potassium levels when administered with sodium-containing fluids.
• Other IV fluids or medications: Compatibility must be assessed to avoid precipitation or interactions.

Always inform healthcare providers about all medications a patient is taking to minimize the risk of interactions.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The dosage is individualized and depends on several clinical factors. General guidelines include:

• Adults: Typically 500–3000 ml/day depending on hydration and caloric requirements.
• Children: Dosage based on weight, age, and clinical status, generally 20–100 ml/kg/day.
• Rate of infusion: Commonly 30–80 drops/min, depending on fluid deficit and tolerance.
• Adjustment: Required in patients with renal, cardiac, or hepatic impairments.

Close monitoring of fluid balance, serum electrolytes, and glucose levels is essential during therapy. The infusion should be slowed or stopped in case of signs of fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While generally safe when used appropriately, side effects can occur, especially in patients with underlying health issues. Potential side effects include:

• Common:
  • Local vein irritation or phlebitis at the infusion site.
  • Mild fluid retention or swelling (edema).
• Serious (requires immediate attention):
  • Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia (especially in diabetic patients).
  • Hypernatremia or fluid overload leading to hypertension or pulmonary edema.
  • Electrolyte imbalance such as hypokalemia or acidosis.

In rare cases, allergic reactions or infections related to the IV line may occur. Patients should be monitored for early signs of adverse effects, especially during high-volume infusions.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV solution is contraindicated in certain medical conditions due to the risk of complications. These include:

• Severe hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance – Risk of worsening blood glucose levels.
• Severe hypernatremia – May exacerbate sodium overload.
• Fluid retention states such as:
  • Congestive heart failure (CHF)
  • Renal failure with oliguria or anuria
  • Cirrhosis with ascites
• Acute pulmonary edema – Risk of respiratory compromise.

Use should be avoided or closely monitored in patients with known hypersensitivity to any of the components. A thorough clinical assessment is required before initiation.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage ensures the safety and efficacy of the product. Follow these guidelines:

• Storage temperature: Store at 15–25°C (59–77°F); avoid freezing.
• Protect from light: Keep in original packaging until use to protect from light exposure.
• Check before use:
  • Do not use if the solution is discolored or contains particles.
  • Do not use if the plastic bag is damaged or leaking.
• Shelf life: Use before the expiration date printed on the packaging.

Once opened, the solution should be used immediately and not stored for later use. Discard any unused portion according to local medical waste protocols.