5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose & 0.9% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution used for fluid and electrolyte replenishment. It combines the properties of two essential components:

• Dextrose (5%): A simple sugar (glucose) that serves as a quick source of energy and helps prevent ketosis during periods of inadequate food intake or increased metabolic demand.
• Sodium Chloride (0.9%): Commonly known as normal saline, it provides essential sodium and chloride ions to maintain fluid balance and osmotic pressure.

This combination is widely used in clinical settings to treat dehydration, fluid loss from surgery, trauma, or burns, and to manage electrolyte imbalances.

The 500ml plastic bottle format is suitable for controlled infusions in both adult and pediatric patients, offering convenience and sterility in hospital or outpatient environments.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper administration of this solution is crucial for patient safety and efficacy. It should only be used under medical supervision.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion (IV) through a sterile catheter or needle.
• Preparation: Inspect the solution visually. Do not use if the container is leaking or the solution is discolored or contains particulate matter.
• Infusion Rate: Determined by the patient’s clinical condition, age, weight, electrolyte status, and fluid needs. Administer slowly to prevent fluid overload or hyperglycemia.
• Monitoring:
  • Monitor blood glucose, serum electrolytes, fluid balance, and renal function periodically during administration.
  • Special care is needed in patients with diabetes, renal impairment, or heart failure.
• Compatibility: Can be used with compatible medications if prescribed. Always check for drug compatibility prior to mixing.

Use aseptic techniques and disposable infusion equipment to avoid contamination and infection.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effects of this solution arise from the combined actions of dextrose and sodium chloride:

• Dextrose:
  • Provides a readily available source of glucose for cellular metabolism.
  • Prevents depletion of liver glycogen stores.
  • Reduces protein catabolism by supplying energy.
• Sodium Chloride:
  • Restores extracellular fluid volume and corrects sodium losses.
  • Maintains acid-base balance and osmotic equilibrium.

By replenishing fluids and electrolytes, this solution supports circulatory volume, improves tissue perfusion, and enhances metabolic stability.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV solution may interact with other medications or exacerbate certain conditions. Consider the following:

• Insulin: Dextrose may increase blood glucose levels; insulin may be needed to manage hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.
• Corticosteroids: May cause sodium and fluid retention, increasing the risk of fluid overload.
• Diuretics: Can disturb sodium balance, requiring careful monitoring of electrolytes when used together.
• ACE inhibitors/ARBs: May impair renal sodium excretion and elevate potassium levels when sodium chloride is administered.
• Calcium or phosphate-containing solutions: Risk of precipitation when mixed in the same IV line. Always assess compatibility before co-administration.

Inform the healthcare provider about all medications the patient is taking, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage should be individualized based on the patient’s fluid, electrolyte, and caloric needs. Typical guidelines include:

• Adults: 500ml to 3000ml per day, depending on hydration status and clinical condition.
• Children: Dosage based on weight (e.g., 20–100 ml/kg/day). Always adjust under pediatric guidance.
• Infusion Rate: Generally ranges from 50–150 ml/hr in adults but can be modified as per patient response and tolerance.
• Special Populations:
  • Patients with renal, hepatic, or cardiac impairment require cautious dosing to avoid overload or electrolyte disturbances.

This solution is not intended for long-term nutritional support. Additional electrolytes or glucose concentrations may be added if needed.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While generally well tolerated, potential adverse effects may occur, especially if improperly administered:

• Common side effects:
  • Injection site irritation or inflammation
  • Swelling at the infusion site (edema)
  • Headache or mild dizziness
• Serious side effects:
  • Fluid overload (especially in cardiac or renal patients)
  • Hyperglycemia (especially in diabetics)
  • Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hypernatremia, hypokalemia)
  • Pulmonary edema
  • Allergic reactions (rash, fever, anaphylaxis – rare)

If any signs of adverse reaction occur, discontinue the infusion and seek medical evaluation promptly.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This infusion is contraindicated in certain medical conditions:

• Severe hyperglycemia or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
• Severe renal impairment with oliguria or anuria (risk of fluid and sodium retention)
• Congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema
• Hypernatremia or hyperchloremia
• Conditions with fluid retention such as preeclampsia, liver cirrhosis with ascites
• Hypokalemia requiring potassium supplementation (this solution lacks potassium)

Always assess patient history and laboratory values before administration.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

To maintain sterility and efficacy, proper storage is essential:

• Temperature: Store at 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Avoid freezing or excessive heat.
• Protection: Keep away from direct sunlight and moisture.
• Packaging: Do not use if the plastic bottle is damaged, discolored, or shows particulate matter.
• After opening: Use immediately after breaking the seal. Discard any unused portion to prevent contamination.
• Expiration: Do not use after the expiration date printed on the bottle label.

Keep out of reach of children. Follow local protocols for disposal of medical waste.