5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose & 0.9% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile intravenous (IV) solution designed to provide both energy and electrolytes through parenteral administration. This formulation combines two essential components:

• Dextrose 5%: A form of glucose that serves as an immediate source of energy, especially valuable in patients unable to consume nutrients orally or those needing additional caloric intake.
• Sodium Chloride 0.9% (Normal Saline): An isotonic saline solution that replaces sodium and chloride electrolytes, crucial for maintaining fluid balance, nerve transmission, and cellular function.

This 50ml size is typically used for small volume infusions, medication dilution, or as a carrier solution for intravenous drugs. It is frequently employed in clinical settings where rapid correction of fluid or electrolyte imbalance is needed or for patients requiring parenteral nutrition supplementation on a small scale.

Common clinical applications include:

• Rehydration in mild dehydration
• Correction of electrolyte imbalances
• Vehicle for intravenous drug administration
• Providing calories in patients who cannot eat

The combination helps maintain plasma osmolality and prevents hypoglycemia while replenishing essential electrolytes.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This medication must be administered under the supervision of qualified healthcare personnel with attention to aseptic techniques and proper infusion protocols.

• Preparation:
  • Inspect the 50ml plastic bag for integrity, clarity, and absence of particulate matter.
  • Do not use if the solution is cloudy, discolored, or if the packaging is compromised.
• Administration:
  • Administer intravenously via peripheral or central venous catheter using sterile IV tubing.
  • Typically given as a slow infusion or bolus depending on clinical need.
  • Used as a diluent or carrier for compatible injectable medications.
• Infusion Rate:
  • Rate depends on patient condition and fluid requirements; commonly from 20 ml/hr to 100 ml/hr or as prescribed.
  • Continuous monitoring is recommended during infusion.
• Monitoring:
  • Check blood glucose, serum electrolytes, fluid balance, and vital signs regularly.
  • Adjust infusion based on response and laboratory parameters.

Use caution in patients with heart failure, renal impairment, or electrolyte disturbances.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This intravenous solution works by providing both an energy substrate and essential electrolytes:

• Dextrose:
  • Rapidly metabolized by cells to produce energy (ATP), carbon dioxide, and water.
  • Prevents protein catabolism by supplying glucose as a primary energy source.
  • Maintains blood glucose levels, particularly important in patients with limited oral intake.
• Sodium Chloride:
  • Maintains extracellular fluid volume and plasma osmolality.
  • Supports nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction, and acid-base balance through sodium and chloride ions.
  • Isotonicity prevents fluid shifts that can cause cellular dehydration or edema.

Together, they restore and maintain fluid and electrolyte homeostasis while supplying energy, which is vital in many clinical situations including dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, and parenteral nutrition.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution can interact with various medications and physiological conditions. Awareness of these interactions is essential to ensure safety and efficacy:

• Insulin and Hypoglycemic Agents: Dextrose administration may necessitate adjustments in insulin or oral hypoglycemics to prevent hyperglycemia.
• Diuretics: Can alter sodium and water balance; close monitoring needed when co-administered to avoid electrolyte disturbances.
• Corticosteroids: May increase sodium retention, potentially exacerbating fluid overload.
• Potassium-Sparing Agents and ACE Inhibitors: Since this solution does not contain potassium, monitor potassium levels closely during combined therapy.
• Compatibility with Other Drugs: Should not be mixed in the same IV line with incompatible drugs (e.g., phenytoin) without ensuring compatibility.

Patients with renal, hepatic, or cardiac impairment require careful monitoring to avoid complications related to fluid or electrolyte imbalance.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The dosage and rate of administration depend on the clinical condition, patient size, and fluid/electrolyte needs. The 50ml bag is generally used for small volume infusions or as a diluent.

• Adults:
  • Administer as ordered by the physician, often as a bolus or slow infusion.
  • Typical infusion rates range from 20 to 100 ml/hr based on clinical requirements.
• Pediatrics:
  • Dose based on body weight and clinical condition; careful calculation is essential to avoid fluid overload.
• Adjustment Factors:
  • Monitor serum glucose and electrolytes to adjust rate and volume appropriately.
  • Renal or cardiac impairment may necessitate reduced volumes and slower infusion.

Always individualize dosing to patient-specific needs under medical supervision.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Side effects are generally rare when administered properly but can occur, especially with inappropriate dosing or in vulnerable patients.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Phlebitis or irritation at the injection site
  • Mild peripheral edema due to fluid administration
• Metabolic Side Effects:
  • Hyperglycemia, especially in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients
  • Electrolyte imbalances such as hypernatremia or hypokalemia (secondary effect)
• Serious Side Effects (Rare):
  • Fluid overload leading to pulmonary edema, hypertension, or congestive heart failure exacerbation
  • Allergic reactions, including rash, itching, or anaphylaxis
  • Thrombophlebitis or clot formation at infusion site

Close monitoring during infusion minimizes risks, and any adverse effects should be reported immediately for appropriate management.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution is contraindicated or should be used cautiously in certain clinical situations:

• Uncontrolled Hyperglycemia or Diabetic Ketoacidosis: Dextrose may worsen hyperglycemia.
• Severe Hypernatremia: Excess sodium may exacerbate condition.
• Fluid Overload States: Such as congestive heart failure or severe renal impairment.
• Known Hypersensitivity: To any component of the solution.

Use caution and consult a healthcare professional when administering to patients with electrolyte imbalances or impaired fluid handling capabilities.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.9% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage ensures the medication’s safety and effectiveness:

• Store at controlled room temperature, typically between 20°C and 25°C (68°F to 77°F).
• Protect from freezing and excessive heat.
• Keep in original packaging until use to protect from contamination and light exposure.
• Inspect solution prior to use for any particulate matter or discoloration.
• Once opened or connected to an IV line, use promptly and discard any unused portion as per institutional guidelines (usually within