5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

p>5% W/V Dextrose & 0.45% W/V Sodium Chloride Injection is a sterile intravenous (IV) solution used in clinical settings to provide hydration, energy, and electrolyte replacement. It contains:

• Dextrose 5%: A glucose solution that supplies calories for energy, prevents ketosis, and helps reduce protein breakdown in patients unable to consume food orally.
• Sodium Chloride 0.45%: A hypotonic salt solution that replenishes sodium and chloride ions, which are essential for fluid balance and nerve-muscle function.

This 2000ml large-volume formulation is particularly used in adult and perioperative patients requiring sustained fluid replacement, especially in conditions like:

• Maintenance fluid therapy for patients with limited oral intake
• Mild to moderate dehydration with or without electrolyte disturbances
• As a carrier solution for compatible intravenous drugs
• Post-operative fluid management

The hypotonic nature of the solution makes it suitable for both intravascular and interstitial fluid replacement. It should only be used under medical supervision due to the risk of overhydration or electrolyte imbalance in sensitive patients.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This medication should be administered only under the supervision of qualified healthcare professionals. Its usage depends on the patient's individual medical needs, and it must be delivered intravenously using aseptic techniques.

• Preparation: Inspect the solution for clarity and check for any leaks or particulates before use. Do not use if the solution is cloudy or contains particles.
• Administration Route: Administered intravenously using sterile equipment. A peripheral or central venous line may be used depending on patient requirements.
• Infusion Rate: Determined based on age, weight, clinical condition, and fluid/electrolyte requirements of the patient. Infusion should be slow and controlled.
• Monitoring: Continuous monitoring of fluid balance, electrolyte levels, and vital signs is essential during administration.
• Compatibility: Can be mixed with other IV drugs; however, compatibility should be confirmed before admixture to avoid precipitation or drug degradation.

Always follow institutional guidelines and physician instructions for infusion volumes and rates to avoid complications such as fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The combined components of this injection serve complementary purposes in restoring hydration and metabolic balance:

• Dextrose: Upon administration, dextrose is rapidly metabolized into carbon dioxide and water, releasing energy in the form of ATP. This energy supports cellular function and reduces protein breakdown in states of nutritional deficiency.
• Sodium Chloride: Dissociates into sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions. Sodium is essential for nerve impulse conduction, muscle contraction, and maintaining extracellular fluid balance. Chloride helps regulate acid-base balance by forming hydrochloric acid in the stomach and participating in chloride shift in red blood cells.

The hypotonic nature of the solution allows it to distribute into both the extracellular and intracellular spaces, making it effective for treating dehydration and mild electrolyte depletion. Additionally, the glucose content may help spare body proteins and reduce ketone production in states of caloric deficiency.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV solution may interact with medications or exacerbate certain conditions. Always review the patient’s full medication profile and clinical history before administration.

• Drug Interactions:
  • Diuretics: Concomitant use with diuretics like furosemide may increase the risk of electrolyte disturbances (e.g., hyponatremia, hypokalemia).
  • Corticosteroids: May promote sodium and fluid retention, increasing the risk of edema and hypertension when used with sodium-containing solutions.
  • Insulin: Accelerates cellular uptake of glucose and potassium, possibly causing hypokalemia and hypoglycemia when used with dextrose solutions.
• Lab Test Interference: Dextrose can interfere with blood glucose measurements, potentially causing false readings in glucometers.
• Clinical Conditions to Monitor:
  • Patients with congestive heart failure, renal impairment, or hepatic disease are at greater risk of fluid overload.
  • In diabetic patients, careful monitoring of blood glucose is essential.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The dosage must be individualized based on the patient’s clinical condition, age, weight, and ongoing fluid or electrolyte losses.

• Adults: Typically 500ml to 1000ml per day, adjusted according to hydration status and electrolyte needs.
• Pediatric Patients: Dose calculated based on body weight (e.g., 20-100 ml/kg/day), with close monitoring of electrolytes and fluid status.
• Rate of Infusion: Usually ranges from 1 to 3 ml/kg/hr. In critical care, more precise titration may be necessary.
• Special Populations:
  • Renal impairment: Use with caution. May require dose adjustment to avoid fluid overload.
  • Hepatic dysfunction: May affect fluid and electrolyte handling; monitor closely.

Healthcare professionals should avoid abrupt discontinuation of long-term infusion and assess for any adverse responses during administration.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Although generally safe under proper supervision, this solution may cause side effects depending on volume infused, rate, and individual patient factors.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Injection site irritation, pain, or redness
  • Mild swelling at the infusion site (infiltration)
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Fluid Overload: May result in edema, hypertension, pulmonary congestion.
  • Electrolyte Imbalances: Includes hyponatremia, hyperglycemia, or hypokalemia depending on the patient’s condition.
  • Hyperglycemia: Especially in diabetic patients or those with insulin resistance.
• Rare but Severe:
  • Allergic reactions (rash, itching, breathing difficulty)
  • Thrombophlebitis at the injection site

Monitoring is crucial during infusion to identify and manage any side effects promptly.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution is contraindicated in patients where the administration could cause or worsen preexisting conditions. Situations where use is not advised include:

• Hypernatremia: May exacerbate sodium overload.
• Hyperglycemia or Diabetes Mellitus (Uncontrolled): Dextrose can worsen blood glucose control.
• Congestive Heart Failure (CHF): Due to the risk of fluid retention and pulmonary edema.
• Severe Renal Impairment: Reduced ability to excrete sodium and water can lead to fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance.
• Intracranial or Intraspinal Bleeding: Hypotonic solutions may increase cerebral edema.

Healthcare providers must evaluate risk-benefit ratios in patients with borderline conditions.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is essential to maintain the sterility, efficacy, and safety of the solution.

• Temperature: Store below 25°C (77°F); do not freeze.
• Light Protection: Keep the plastic bag in its overwrap until use to protect from excessive light exposure.
• Handling: Do not use if the solution is discolored, contains visible particulates, or the plastic bag is damaged.
• Shelf-life: Refer to the manufacturer’s label; generally usable for up to 2 years if unopened and properly stored.
• Post-opening: Once opened, use the solution immediately. Discard any unused portion to prevent contamination.

Follow institutional protocols and manufacturer guidelines strictly when storing or handling this IV solution.