5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The combination of 5% W/V Dextrose and 0.45% W/V Sodium Chloride in a 250ml plastic bag is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution used to provide both fluid replenishment and nutritional support. This solution is often utilized in hospital and clinical settings to restore hydration and electrolyte balance in patients who cannot take fluids orally or have increased fluid losses due to illness or surgery.

• Dextrose (5% w/v): A form of glucose (sugar) that supplies calories and energy. It is essential in patients with low blood glucose levels or in need of parenteral nutrition.
• Sodium Chloride (0.45% w/v): A hypotonic saline solution that helps maintain osmotic balance, fluid distribution, and correct electrolyte imbalances such as hyponatremia.
• Packaging: The 250ml plastic bag is suitable for short-term intravenous therapy, especially in pediatric or elderly patients requiring controlled fluid administration.

This solution is typically used under the supervision of healthcare professionals in hospital, emergency, or intensive care units. It can be combined with other IV medications if compatibility is confirmed.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution is for intravenous (IV) administration only and should be used under the supervision of qualified medical personnel. It is administered via a sterile IV set to ensure aseptic technique and minimize the risk of infection or contamination.

• Administration Route: Intravenous infusion through a peripheral or central line, depending on the patient's condition.
• Infusion Rate: The rate and volume depend on the clinical condition of the patient, age, weight, fluid and electrolyte balance, and ongoing losses. The infusion is typically given slowly over a set period.
• Patient Monitoring: Regular monitoring of vital signs, fluid input/output, serum electrolytes (especially sodium and glucose), and acid-base status is essential during infusion.
• Instructions for Use:
  • Inspect the solution for cloudiness, discoloration, or particulate matter before use.
  • Do not use the bag if it is leaking or damaged.
  • Use the solution within the recommended time frame after opening to avoid microbial contamination.
• Compatibility: This solution can be used to dilute or co-administer certain IV medications. Compatibility data should be reviewed to avoid precipitation or chemical reactions.

Always follow institutional protocols or physician's orders for specific usage and monitoring during therapy.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effect of this solution is derived from the combined action of its two main components: dextrose and sodium chloride. Each plays a distinct role in fluid and electrolyte homeostasis.

• Dextrose:
  • Provides a readily available source of glucose for cellular metabolism, particularly critical for brain and muscle function.
  • Helps prevent ketosis during fasting or post-operative periods.
  • When infused, it is rapidly distributed in extracellular and intracellular compartments, contributing to hydration and caloric support.
• Sodium Chloride:
  • Maintains plasma osmotic pressure and supports water distribution across cellular membranes.
  • Replenishes sodium levels, which are critical for nerve conduction, muscle contraction, and acid-base balance.
  • At a 0.45% concentration, it acts as a hypotonic solution that can help manage hypernatremia or dehydration without overloading sodium levels.

Together, the solution serves dual purposes: energy provision and rehydration, making it valuable in many clinical conditions such as mild dehydration, electrolyte imbalance, or post-surgical recovery.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While generally considered safe, this solution may interact with other medications or physiological states, requiring careful assessment before co-administration.

• Drug Interactions:
  • Corticosteroids and corticotropin (ACTH): Can cause sodium retention and potassium loss, increasing the risk of fluid overload and hypokalemia.
  • Diuretics: Concurrent use may affect fluid and electrolyte balance, particularly sodium and potassium levels.
  • Insulin: Accelerates the uptake of dextrose into cells, which may mask symptoms of hypoglycemia or alter potassium levels.
  • Other IV drugs: Incompatibility may occur if mixed in the same infusion line. Precipitation or chemical reactions can pose serious risks.
• Disease Interactions:
  • Renal impairment: Reduced clearance of sodium and fluid may cause volume overload or hypernatremia.
  • Congestive heart failure: Risk of exacerbation due to increased circulatory volume.
  • Diabetes mellitus: Glucose in the solution may elevate blood sugar levels and require insulin adjustment.

Always review the patient's complete medication and disease history to avoid interactions or adverse effects.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The dosage of this intravenous solution should always be individualized and adjusted according to the patient’s age, weight, clinical condition, fluid status, and electrolyte balance. It must be prescribed and administered under strict medical supervision.

• Adults:
  • Typical infusion rates range between 75 to 125 mL/hour, depending on fluid needs and maintenance requirements.
  • Can be used for hydration, electrolyte replacement, or as a carrier fluid for IV medications.
• Pediatric patients:
  • Dosing should be carefully calculated based on body weight (mL/kg/hour).
  • Close monitoring is essential to avoid fluid overload or sodium imbalance.
• Geriatric patients:
  • Dosage should be more conservative due to the increased risk of renal impairment or cardiac dysfunction.
• Renal or hepatic impairment:
  • Dose adjustments and slower infusion rates may be required due to altered fluid and electrolyte handling.

Administration must be carefully monitored, especially in patients receiving large volumes or those with conditions like heart failure, renal disease, or edema.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While generally safe when used as directed, this solution can cause side effects, particularly in vulnerable populations or if infused rapidly or in large volumes.

• Common side effects:
  • Injection site irritation, pain, or inflammation (phlebitis)
  • Mild edema due to fluid retention
• Metabolic side effects:
  • Hyperglycemia, especially in diabetic or insulin-resistant patients
  • Hypokalemia (low potassium), particularly with prolonged infusion
  • Hyponatremia or hypernatremia depending on sodium balance and water retention
• Cardiovascular and respiratory effects:
  • Volume overload leading to hypertension, pulmonary edema, or heart failure exacerbation
  • Dyspnea or crackles in the lungs in severe fluid overload cases
• Allergic or rare reactions:
  • Fever, chills, or hypersensitivity reaction (rare)
  • Thrombophlebitis from prolonged IV use

Prompt discontinuation and supportive management are required if adverse reactions occur.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV solution should not be used in patients with certain medical conditions where fluid overload, glucose, or sodium intake must be restricted. Contraindications include:

• Known hypersensitivity: Allergy to any of the components (dextrose or sodium chloride).
• Hyperglycemia or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus: May worsen blood glucose levels and increase the risk of complications.
• Hypernatremia: Existing high sodium levels can be exacerbated by this solution.
• Severe renal impairment: The inability to excrete excess sodium or water may lead to dangerous fluid overload.
• Congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema: Risk of circulatory overload due to increased fluid volume.
• Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage: Hypotonic solutions may increase cerebral edema risk in such patients.

Clinical judgment is required to assess the risk-to-benefit ratio before administering this infusion.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is essential to maintain the sterility, potency, and effectiveness of the IV solution. Follow these guidelines:

• Storage temperature: Store between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). Avoid freezing.
• Protect from light: While not highly light-sensitive, storage in a shaded area is preferred to maintain solution integrity.
• Do not use if:
  • The solution appears cloudy, discolored, or contains particulate matter.
  • The plastic bag is leaking, punctured, or otherwise compromised.
• After opening: Use immediately. Do not store any unused portion.
• Shelf life: Refer to the manufacturer's expiration date printed on the outer packaging.

Always follow your healthcare facility’s storage protocols and disposal procedures for IV fluids.