5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% W/V Dextrose & 0.45% W/V Sodium Chloride is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous (IV) solution used for fluid replenishment, electrolyte balance, and energy supply. It is primarily administered in healthcare settings to manage dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and to deliver calories from glucose.

• Dextrose (5%): A simple sugar providing quick energy and preventing ketosis during periods of limited food intake.
• Sodium Chloride (0.45%): A hypotonic saline component that supplies sodium and chloride ions, essential for fluid distribution and cellular function.
• Indications:
  • Treatment of isotonic or hypotonic fluid loss
  • Mild sodium deficiency or electrolyte imbalance
  • Short-term parenteral nutrition support
  • As a diluent or carrier for other IV medications
• Formulation: Packaged in a 500ml plastic bottle, sterile and ready for infusion.

This solution plays a vital role in maintaining blood glucose and electrolyte levels, especially during illness, surgery, or fasting.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV solution should only be administered by trained healthcare providers using sterile techniques and appropriate monitoring protocols.

• Administration Route: Intravenous (IV) infusion via peripheral or central line.
• Infusion Equipment: Use an IV pump for accurate rate control and sterile tubing to prevent infection.
• Rate of Infusion:
  • Depends on the patient's fluid and electrolyte status, body weight, and comorbidities.
  • Typical adult rates range between 50–150 mL/hour.
• Precautions:
  • Inspect the bottle for clarity and seal integrity before use.
  • Monitor serum electrolytes and blood glucose levels regularly.
  • Do not infuse simultaneously with incompatible medications.
• Compatibility: May be mixed with some IV drugs, but compatibility must be confirmed beforehand.

The infusion should be discontinued immediately if signs of fluid overload or local phlebitis occur.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution acts via both metabolic and physiological pathways to restore hydration, provide energy, and maintain electrolyte homeostasis.

• Dextrose:
  • Quickly absorbed and metabolized into usable energy (ATP) by body tissues.
  • Prevents protein breakdown and ketosis during fasting or illness.
• Sodium Chloride:
  • Replaces lost sodium and chloride ions in extracellular fluid.
  • Supports nerve impulse transmission, muscle function, and acid-base balance.
• Osmotic Activity: This hypotonic solution draws fluid into intracellular spaces, improving hydration at the cellular level.

By replenishing both energy and electrolytes, the solution supports vital organ function and stabilizes patients with compromised fluid balance.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Although generally safe, this solution may interact with medications and influence the effects of other treatments.

• Insulin: May be required to manage transient hyperglycemia caused by the dextrose component.
• Diuretics (e.g., furosemide): Can alter fluid and electrolyte balance, necessitating close monitoring.
• Corticosteroids: May increase sodium retention, enhancing the risk of fluid overload.
• Potassium supplements: Should be monitored carefully due to the sodium content affecting overall electrolyte equilibrium.
• Cardiovascular Drugs: Sodium content may affect medications like ACE inhibitors or ARBs.
• IV Medications: Compatibility should be confirmed before co-infusion; do not mix unless verified.

Always inform the medical team of all medications, including over-the-counter drugs and supplements, to avoid potential interactions.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage depends on the patient's clinical condition, weight, age, and laboratory findings. It should always be tailored by a healthcare provider.

• Adults:
  • Common infusion rates: 50–150 mL/hour.
  • Can be adjusted up or down depending on hydration status and lab results.
• Pediatrics:
  • Typically dosed on a mL/kg/hour basis.
  • Requires pediatric specialist oversight.
• Elderly: May require dose reduction due to renal or cardiac limitations.
• In Emergency Settings: Higher rates may be used initially, followed by maintenance dosing.

The solution should be administered slowly and monitored closely for signs of electrolyte shifts or volume overload.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While well tolerated by most, this solution may lead to side effects, especially with excessive or prolonged use.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Injection site irritation or inflammation
  • Mild swelling (peripheral edema)
  • Transient hyperglycemia
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Pulmonary edema (especially in heart failure patients)
  • Electrolyte imbalance (e.g., hyponatremia or hypernatremia)
  • Hypotension if excessive fluid shifts occur
• Rare Allergic Reactions: Rash, itching, or anaphylaxis (extremely rare)

Patients should be observed for any adverse reactions during and after infusion. Medical intervention may be needed if serious side effects develop.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Certain patient populations should not receive this IV solution due to the risk of complications or worsening of existing conditions.

• Uncontrolled Diabetes: Risk of hyperglycemia from the dextrose content.
• Severe Renal Impairment: Reduced ability to excrete sodium and fluid, risking overload.
• Congestive Heart Failure: Volume expansion may lead to worsening symptoms.
• Hypersensitivity: Allergy to dextrose, sodium chloride, or any packaging materials.
• Cerebral Edema or Head Trauma: Hypotonicity may exacerbate intracranial pressure.

Thorough patient evaluation is essential before prescribing this IV fluid to avoid complications.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage ensures the sterility, stability, and safety of the IV solution.

• Temperature: Store at 20–25°C (68–77°F). Avoid excessive heat or freezing.
• Light Exposure: Protect from direct sunlight and UV light.
• Container Integrity:
  • Check for leaks, cloudiness, or particulate matter before use.
  • Do not use if the seal is broken or the solution appears altered.
• Shelf Life: Use before the expiration date printed on the label.
• Post-Use Disposal: Discard unused portions and used containers according to hospital waste protocols.

Storage in appropriate conditions ensures patient safety and therapeutic effectiveness.