5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% W/V Dextrose & 0.45% W/V Sodium Chloride Injection is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous (IV) solution. It combines dextrose (a form of glucose) and sodium chloride (common salt) in water. It is intended for IV administration to provide both energy (calories) and essential electrolytes to the body.

• Dextrose 5%: A carbohydrate source used to supply energy and help maintain blood glucose levels.
• Sodium Chloride 0.45%: A hypotonic saline solution used to maintain fluid balance and replenish sodium and chloride losses.
• Formulation: Each 100ml contains 5g of dextrose (anhydrous) and 0.45g of sodium chloride dissolved in water for injection.
• Common Uses: Hydration therapy, correction of mild electrolyte imbalance, and as a carrier fluid for medications.

This solution is often administered to hospitalized patients who need fluid replacement or nutritional support when oral intake is not possible.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This medication is administered intravenously under medical supervision. It should never be self-administered or used without guidance from healthcare professionals.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion using sterile equipment and proper technique.
• Rate of Administration: Varies based on patient’s fluid and electrolyte needs, age, and weight. It is usually controlled via an IV pump.
• Monitoring: Vital signs, blood glucose levels, and serum electrolytes should be monitored throughout the infusion period.
• Compatibility: Can be used as a vehicle for other IV medications but must be checked for compatibility before mixing.
• Precautions: Avoid rapid infusion to prevent fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance.

The IV line should be monitored for signs of inflammation or infiltration, and the bag should be inspected for particulate matter before use.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The combination works through both metabolic and physiological mechanisms to restore hydration and electrolyte balance:

• Dextrose (Glucose):
  • Provides a readily available energy source upon infusion.
  • Prevents ketosis that may result from prolonged fasting or inadequate carbohydrate intake.
• Sodium Chloride:
  • Restores sodium and chloride levels in the extracellular fluid.
  • Helps maintain osmotic pressure and acid-base balance.
• Combined Effect: Supports cellular hydration, maintains vascular volume, and assists in normal physiological function.

By providing both fluid and essential ions, this solution helps stabilize patients suffering from dehydration, mild sodium loss, or undergoing surgery or intensive medical treatments.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution may interact with other medications or affect the body’s electrolyte balance when combined with other therapies.

• Corticosteroids & Mineralocorticoids: May enhance sodium retention and increase risk of edema or hypertension.
• Diuretics (e.g., furosemide): May alter sodium or fluid levels, requiring close monitoring.
• Insulin: May be needed to manage potential hyperglycemia due to dextrose content.
• Potassium supplements: Should be used cautiously; excessive sodium or fluid shifts can alter potassium levels.
• Other IV Medications: Always check compatibility before co-administration.

Inform your healthcare provider about all medications and supplements you are taking to ensure safe use of this IV solution.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage is individualized based on the patient's fluid and electrolyte needs, medical condition, age, and weight.

• Adults: Typically administered at a rate of 50–150 mL/hour. Higher rates may be used in cases of significant fluid loss.
• Children: Requires weight-based calculation (e.g., mL/kg/hour), under pediatrician supervision.
• Elderly: Dose adjustment may be necessary due to age-related renal function decline.
• Surgical or ICU patients: May require titration based on lab monitoring and clinical status.

Always adhere to prescribed rates and do not exceed recommended volumes to prevent complications such as fluid overload or electrolyte imbalances.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While generally well tolerated, some patients may experience adverse effects, especially with prolonged use or inappropriate dosing.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Swelling at injection site
  • Increased urination
  • Mild hyperglycemia (in patients with glucose intolerance)
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Fluid overload leading to pulmonary edema
  • Electrolyte imbalances (e.g., hyponatremia or hypernatremia)
  • Hyperglycemia, especially in diabetic patients
  • Phlebitis or thrombophlebitis at infusion site
• Allergic Reactions (rare): Rash, itching, swelling, or anaphylactic reaction.

Seek immediate medical attention if any severe or unexpected reactions occur.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution is contraindicated in certain conditions where administration may worsen the clinical state.

• Uncontrolled Diabetes Mellitus: Risk of worsening hyperglycemia.
• Severe Renal Impairment: Risk of fluid and sodium retention leading to edema or heart failure.
• Congestive Heart Failure: Risk of fluid overload and decompensation.
• Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to any component of the formulation.
• Intracranial or Intraspinal Bleeding: Hypotonic solutions may exacerbate cerebral edema.

Use caution in patients with hepatic dysfunction, hypertension, or those receiving corticosteroids or other agents affecting fluid/electrolyte balance.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage ensures safety and maintains the efficacy of the solution.

• Temperature: Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Avoid freezing.
• Protection: Keep in the original packaging to protect from light and contamination.
• Inspection: Check solution clarity and container integrity before use. Do not use if discolored or particulate matter is present.
• Shelf Life: Use before the expiration date indicated on the packaging.
• Handling: Do not use if the bag is damaged, leaking, or if the seal is broken.

Discard any unused portion after opening to avoid contamination.