5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

p> 5% W/V Dextrose & 0.45% W/V Sodium Chloride is a sterile intravenous (IV) solution formulated to provide both fluid and electrolyte replenishment along with a source of energy. This solution contains 5 grams of dextrose (anhydrous) and 0.45 grams of sodium chloride per 100 ml, making it a hypotonic fluid useful in various clinical settings. Supplied in a 50ml plastic bag, it is often used when smaller volumes of fluid replacement or maintenance therapy are required.

• Dextrose (5% w/v): Supplies glucose as an energy source to support cellular metabolism, especially important in patients who cannot meet their caloric needs orally or through enteral nutrition.
• Sodium Chloride (0.45% w/v): Provides sodium and chloride ions essential for maintaining osmotic balance, extracellular fluid volume, and normal cellular function.
• Hypotonic nature: The 0.45% sodium chloride concentration means the solution is less concentrated than blood plasma, allowing some fluid shift into cells, which can help hydrate intracellular compartments.
• Uses: Commonly used for fluid maintenance, mild dehydration, and correction of electrolyte imbalances when oral intake is inadequate or impossible.

This solution is vital in clinical practice to restore fluid and electrolyte balance, supply carbohydrates for energy, and support physiological stability in various patient populations.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

• Administration Route: Administer intravenously using aseptic technique via a suitable IV line or catheter.
• Inspection: Before use, visually inspect the solution to ensure clarity and absence of particulate matter or discoloration. Do not use if compromised.
• Infusion Rate: Due to the small volume (50ml), the infusion rate will vary based on clinical needs, ranging from slow administration for maintenance to faster infusion in acute dehydration—always under medical supervision.
• Compatibility: Check compatibility with other IV medications before co-administration to prevent precipitation or reduced efficacy.
• Monitoring: Monitor patient’s vital signs, blood glucose, and serum electrolytes regularly during infusion to adjust therapy as needed.
• Duration: The solution is typically used as part of a broader intravenous fluid regimen; duration depends on the patient’s clinical status and response.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

• Energy Provision: Dextrose is rapidly metabolized by cells to generate ATP, the primary energy currency, supporting cellular functions and repair mechanisms.
• Fluid Balance: The sodium chloride component replenishes extracellular fluid sodium and chloride, helping maintain osmotic pressure, blood volume, and acid-base balance.
• Hypotonic Effect: The 0.45% sodium chloride concentration creates a hypotonic environment relative to plasma, allowing water to move into cells to rehydrate intracellular spaces.
• Osmotic Homeostasis: Balances fluid distribution between intra- and extracellular compartments, supporting normal physiological function.
• Overall Effect: Reestablishes fluid and electrolyte balance while providing metabolic fuel essential for patients with impaired oral intake or increased metabolic demands.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

• Insulin: As the solution contains glucose, concurrent insulin therapy may need adjustment to prevent hypo- or hyperglycemia.
• Diuretics: Interaction with diuretics (e.g., loop or thiazide diuretics) can alter electrolyte and fluid balance, necessitating close monitoring.
• Cardiac Medications: Drugs such as digoxin may have altered effects if electrolyte disturbances occur due to this solution.
• Electrolyte-Modifying Agents: Corticosteroids or potassium-sparing drugs can influence sodium and fluid balance, impacting safety.
• IV Drug Compatibility: Always verify compatibility before mixing with other intravenous medications to avoid precipitation or inactivation.
• Nephrotoxic Agents: Caution if used alongside drugs affecting kidney function, as fluid balance may be disrupted.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

• Adults: Dosage depends on clinical requirements; small volume (50ml) typically used for maintenance or as part of a larger fluid regimen. Infusion rates usually range between 10–100 ml/hour depending on hydration and electrolyte needs.
• Pediatrics: Dosage adjusted according to body weight, clinical condition, and fluid requirements, with close monitoring.
• Special Populations: Patients with cardiac, renal, or hepatic impairment may require dosage adjustments to avoid fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance.
• Monitoring: Frequent assessment of fluid status, electrolytes, and blood glucose is necessary to guide dose and duration.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

• Local Reactions: Pain, swelling, or phlebitis at the infusion site.
• Fluid Overload: Risk of edema, hypertension, or pulmonary congestion, especially if infused rapidly or in patients with heart or kidney disease.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Hyponatremia or hypernatremia may occur if not monitored adequately.
• Hyperglycemia: Elevated blood sugar levels may develop, particularly in diabetic or glucose-intolerant patients.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare hypersensitivity reactions such as rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.
• Metabolic Disturbances: Prolonged use may lead to acid-base imbalance or electrolyte derangements.
• Infection Risk: Possible contamination during preparation or administration can cause infections.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

• Hypersensitivity: Known allergy to dextrose, sodium chloride, or any other component.
• Severe Hyperglycemia or Diabetic Ketoacidosis: The glucose content can exacerbate hyperglycemia.
• Fluid Overload Conditions: Congestive heart failure, pulmonary edema, or renal impairment where excess fluid administration is harmful.
• Hypernatremia: Elevated serum sodium levels contraindicate use of this solution.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure: Hypotonic fluids may worsen cerebral edema.
• Severe Hyponatremia: Use with caution, as inappropriate fluid shifts can exacerbate condition.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.45% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature (20–25°C). Avoid freezing as this may compromise container integrity and solution quality.
• Light Exposure: Protect from direct sunlight to maintain stability and potency.
• Inspection: Always inspect the solution for discoloration, cloudiness, or particulate matter before administration. Discard if compromised.
• Expiry: Do not use beyond the expiration date printed on the packaging.
• After Opening: Use aseptically and administer promptly. Discard any unused portion to prevent contamination.
• Disposal: Follow local biomedical waste disposal regulations for unused or expired solutions.