5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE Injection/Solution for

What is 5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE

5% W/V Dextrose & 0.45% W/V Sodium Chloride is a sterile intravenous solution commonly used in medical practice to provide both fluid and electrolyte replacement along with a source of energy. Supplied in a 500ml polypropylene bottle, this solution is a balanced combination of dextrose (a form of glucose) and sodium chloride (common salt), designed to maintain hydration, restore electrolyte balance, and supply carbohydrates to patients who cannot ingest food or fluids orally.

• Dextrose (5% w/v): Supplies glucose, which is essential for cellular energy production, especially in patients with increased metabolic demands or limited oral intake.
• Sodium Chloride (0.45% w/v): Provides sodium and chloride ions, crucial for maintaining osmotic balance, nerve conduction, and muscle function. The 0.45% concentration makes this a hypotonic solution, useful for fluid replenishment without causing excessive sodium load.

This solution is often utilized in clinical situations such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, maintenance intravenous fluids during surgery or illness, and as part of parenteral nutrition regimens. The 500ml polypropylene bottle format is convenient for controlled administration and reduces risks of contamination compared to other containers.

How to use 5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE

• Route of Administration: This solution is administered intravenously via a sterile IV set.
• Preparation: Inspect the solution bottle before use to ensure clarity and absence of particles or leaks. Do not use if the solution is discolored or contains precipitates.
• Infusion Rate: The rate depends on patient-specific factors such as age, clinical condition, hydration status, and coexisting medical issues. Typically, infusion rates range from 50 to 150 ml/hour but should always be tailored to the individual's needs.
• Compatibility: Before mixing or co-administering with other IV drugs, check for compatibility to avoid precipitation or reduced drug efficacy.
• Monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, blood glucose levels, and serum electrolytes during administration to prevent complications such as hyperglycemia or electrolyte imbalances.
• Duration: Use for the period required to restore fluid and electrolyte balance or as maintenance fluid until oral intake is adequate.

Mode of Action 5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE

• Dextrose Metabolism: After infusion, dextrose is rapidly taken up by cells and metabolized through glycolysis, producing ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which fuels cellular processes.
• Energy Supply: Dextrose serves as a critical energy source, especially important for patients unable to eat or in hypermetabolic states (e.g., surgery, trauma).
• Electrolyte Balance: Sodium and chloride ions help maintain extracellular fluid volume, osmotic pressure, and acid-base balance. Sodium plays a key role in nerve conduction and muscle contraction.
• Fluid Distribution: Being hypotonic (0.45% sodium chloride), the solution allows some fluid movement into cells, aiding intracellular hydration while replenishing extracellular fluid.
• Overall Effect: Restores hydration, maintains electrolyte balance, and supplies energy to meet metabolic needs, supporting physiological homeostasis.

5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE Interactions 5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE

• Diuretics: May potentiate fluid and electrolyte shifts when given with diuretics (e.g., furosemide), increasing risk of imbalance.
• Insulin: Since the solution contains glucose, insulin dosing may need adjustment to maintain proper blood glucose levels.
• Cardiovascular Medications: Careful monitoring is required when combined with drugs such as ACE inhibitors or digoxin, as fluid shifts can affect cardiac function and electrolyte status.
• Electrolyte Modifiers: Drugs like corticosteroids or potassium-sparing agents may affect electrolyte balance and require dose adjustments.
• Nephrotoxic Drugs: Co-administration with drugs affecting renal function demands vigilance to avoid fluid overload or electrolyte disturbances.
• IV Drug Compatibility: Check for compatibility before mixing with other IV medications to prevent precipitation or inactivation.

Dosage of 5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE

• Adults: Typically administered at rates of 50 to 150 ml per hour based on clinical condition, hydration status, and ongoing losses.
• Pediatrics: Dosage adjusted according to body weight and clinical requirements, with close monitoring of glucose and electrolytes.
• Special Populations: Patients with cardiac or renal impairment may require reduced rates to avoid fluid overload.
• Duration: Administer until the patient’s fluid and electrolyte balance is restored or oral intake resumes.
• Monitoring: Ongoing clinical and laboratory monitoring is essential to tailor dosage and avoid complications.

Possible side effects of 5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE

• Local Reactions: Pain, inflammation, or phlebitis at the infusion site.
• Fluid Overload: Rapid infusion can cause edema, hypertension, or pulmonary congestion, especially in patients with heart or kidney disease.
• Electrolyte Imbalances: Hyponatremia or hypernatremia may occur if serum electrolytes are not closely monitored.
• Hyperglycemia: Risk especially in diabetic patients or those with impaired glucose tolerance.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare hypersensitivity reactions including rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.
• Metabolic Disturbances: Prolonged use can lead to acid-base imbalances.
• Infection Risk: Contamination during preparation or administration can cause bloodstream infections.

5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE Contraindications 5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE

• Hypersensitivity: Allergy to dextrose, sodium chloride, or any other component of the solution.
• Severe Hyperglycemia: Not suitable for patients with uncontrolled high blood sugar or hyperosmolar states.
• Fluid Overload States: Conditions such as congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema where excess fluid is detrimental.
• Hypernatremia: Avoid use in patients with significantly elevated sodium levels.
• Increased Intracranial Pressure: Hypotonic solutions may worsen cerebral edema.
• Severe Hyponatremia or Hypokalemia: Use with caution; specialized treatment preferred.

Storage of 5% W/V DEXTROSE & 0.45% W/V SODIUM CHLORIDE

• Temperature: Store at room temperature (20–25°C). Avoid freezing as it can damage the container and affect solution quality.
• Light Exposure: Protect from direct sunlight to maintain stability.
• Inspection: Examine the bottle for damage, discoloration, or particulate matter before use.
• Expiry: Do not use beyond the expiration date printed on the label.
• After Opening: Use aseptically and complete administration promptly (usually within 24 hours) to prevent contamination.
• Disposal: Follow local regulations for disposal of unused or expired solution.