5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride (MEDISAL) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous (IV) solution designed for fluid and electrolyte replenishment, often used in clinical settings to manage hydration, support metabolism, and correct mild electrolyte imbalances. The 100ml plastic bag format is ideal for precise fluid administration in pediatric and adult patients, especially when small volumes are required.

• Generic Name: Dextrose (anhydrous) and Sodium Chloride
• Form: Intravenous infusion solution
• Packaging: 100ml plastic bag (single-use, ready-to-infuse)
• Concentration:
  • Dextrose 5% w/v – energy source
  • Sodium Chloride 0.225% w/v – electrolyte source

This hypotonic solution is primarily used in patients with minimal sodium needs but who still require hydration and caloric intake. It’s commonly used in neonatal and pediatric IV fluid therapy and may serve as a carrier fluid for medication administration.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper administration of this solution is crucial to ensure patient safety and therapeutic effectiveness. This product must be used under medical supervision and only administered intravenously via an infusion set.

• Pre-Use Inspection:
  • Ensure the solution is clear and colorless.
  • Check the plastic bag for leaks or visible particles.
• Administration Guidelines:
  • Administer intravenously using a sterile infusion set.
  • Rate of infusion depends on patient age, weight, fluid status, and electrolyte balance.
  • Use an infusion pump for accurate control when precise dosing is needed.
• Monitoring Requirements:
  • Regularly monitor serum glucose and electrolytes.
  • Monitor for signs of fluid overload, particularly in neonates and elderly patients.

The 100ml format allows for flexible usage – as maintenance fluid, for mild rehydration, or for delivering medications that require dilution in an IV fluid.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The pharmacological action of this IV solution is attributed to its two main components: dextrose and sodium chloride. Together, they help restore hydration, support metabolism, and maintain electrolyte balance in the body.

• Dextrose (5% w/v):
  • Rapidly absorbed and metabolized by cells, providing an immediate source of energy.
  • Helps prevent ketosis and protein catabolism in patients unable to eat.
  • Acts as an osmotic agent, facilitating water distribution in body compartments.
• Sodium Chloride (0.225% w/v):
  • Supplies sodium and chloride ions, essential for nerve function, fluid balance, and acid-base regulation.
  • Supports osmotic equilibrium between intracellular and extracellular fluids.

The solution is slightly hypotonic and can assist in gentle hydration without contributing significantly to sodium overload, making it suitable for pediatric and neonatal care.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV solution is generally safe and compatible with a range of therapeutic agents, but specific interactions may arise, particularly with medications or conditions affecting fluid and electrolyte balance.

• Drugs with Potential Interaction:
  • Diuretics: Can lead to significant shifts in sodium and potassium levels, requiring careful monitoring.
  • Corticosteroids: Promote sodium and water retention, potentially counteracting the hypotonic effect of the solution.
  • Insulin: Enhances dextrose uptake and may cause hypoglycemia if glucose levels are not monitored closely.
  • Blood products: Should not be co-administered in the same line due to risk of hemolysis.
• Other Considerations:
  • Drug compatibility should always be confirmed before mixing medications in this solution.
  • Close electrolyte monitoring is required during concurrent use of nephrotoxic or electrolyte-altering drugs.

Always evaluate the patient's medication profile before initiating therapy. Lab tests and fluid balance monitoring are recommended during use with interacting drugs.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage must be individualized based on patient age, weight, fluid needs, and clinical status. The 100ml bag size offers flexibility for patients requiring moderate volume resuscitation or maintenance therapy.

• General Dosage Guidelines:
  • Adults: Often used in precise fluid therapy or as a drug carrier; dosage usually ranges from 500ml to 3000ml/day based on fluid needs.
  • Children: Maintenance dose typically 100–150 ml/kg/day, divided over 24 hours.
  • Neonates: Lower daily volumes, often 60–100 ml/kg/day, depending on gestational age and condition.
• Rate of Administration:
  • Administer via IV infusion over a period determined by clinical need.
  • In children, infusion rates are usually calculated in mL/hour based on weight.

The infusion rate must be controlled to avoid volume overload or rapid shifts in electrolytes. Always consult institutional protocols and adjust based on ongoing monitoring.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Though generally safe, side effects can occur, particularly with incorrect dosing, prolonged use, or in patients with predisposing conditions. These effects are usually related to fluid, electrolyte, or glucose disturbances.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Local reactions: pain, redness, or swelling at the infusion site.
  • Mild hyperglycemia, especially in diabetic or insulin-resistant patients.
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Fluid overload, leading to hypertension, edema, or pulmonary congestion.
  • Electrolyte imbalances: hyponatremia, hypokalemia, or hypernatremia.
  • Lactic acidosis in rare cases, especially if metabolic regulation is impaired.
• Allergic or Hypersensitivity Reactions:
  • Extremely rare but may include urticaria, rash, or anaphylaxis.

Monitoring of vital signs, glucose levels, and serum electrolytes during treatment is essential to minimize adverse effects and ensure patient safety.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV fluid is contraindicated in specific clinical conditions where its components or fluid characteristics may worsen patient status.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Hypersensitivity to dextrose, sodium chloride, or any component of the solution.
  • Severe hyperglycemia or glucose-galactose malabsorption syndrome.
  • Severe hypernatremia or fluid retention states such as pulmonary edema.
• Relative Contraindications (caution advised):
  • Renal impairment – increased risk of fluid overload and sodium accumulation.
  • Congestive heart failure – may exacerbate fluid retention.
  • Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus – risk of glucose dysregulation.

Prior to administration, a full clinical evaluation should be performed, including electrolyte and glucose testing, to ensure safe use of the product.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage conditions are essential to maintain the sterility, potency, and safety of the IV solution.

• Storage Requirements:
  • Store at room temperature between 15°C and 25°C.
  • Protect from excessive heat, direct sunlight, and freezing temperatures.
• Handling Instructions:
  • Inspect the bag for damage or discoloration before use.
  • Do not use if the solution appears cloudy or if the container is leaking.
  • Use aseptic technique when connecting to an infusion set.
• Disposal:
  • Discard any unused solution. Do not reuse partially used bags.
  • Follow hospital or facility guidelines for biohazard disposal.

Maintaining correct storage conditions preserves the efficacy of the product and helps avoid potential complications from contaminated or degraded solutions.