5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose & 0.225% w/v Sodium Chloride (MEDISAL) is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous (IV) solution used to provide both fluid replenishment and minimal electrolyte replacement. It comes in a 50ml plastic bag, ideal for controlled or low-volume fluid administration, particularly in pediatric or neonatal patients, or where precise fluid management is required.

• Composition:
  • Dextrose (anhydrous) 5% w/v – serves as a source of energy.
  • Sodium Chloride 0.225% w/v – provides essential sodium and chloride ions.
• Form: Infusion/Solution for IV use
• Packaging Size: 50ml plastic bag (single-use)

This solution is isotonic to slightly hypotonic, depending on the patient’s serum osmolarity. It’s commonly used in maintenance IV therapy, especially for children, or as part of a larger therapeutic regimen in adults who require limited sodium but still need hydration and energy supplementation.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This medicine should be administered only under medical supervision via intravenous infusion. The route of administration is through a sterile, pyrogen-free IV line, often using an infusion pump for accurate control, particularly when used in neonatal or pediatric care.

• Preparation:
  • Inspect the bag for leaks, cloudiness, or particulates before use.
  • Ensure aseptic technique while connecting the infusion set.
• Administration:
  • Infuse slowly as directed by the physician or according to clinical protocol.
  • Monitor the patient for electrolyte balance and glucose levels during infusion.
• Special Instructions:
  • Do not administer simultaneously with blood transfusions through the same set.
  • Adjust the rate in patients with compromised renal or cardiac function.

Always follow institutional protocols and the specific medical orders provided for the patient. The 50ml bag is not intended for prolonged infusion therapy but rather for short-term or supplemental use.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The therapeutic effects of this combination stem from its dual components – dextrose and sodium chloride – working together to address hydration, energy supplementation, and electrolyte balance.

• Dextrose:
  • Serves as a quick source of glucose for energy production.
  • Is metabolized via glycolysis, supporting cellular metabolism and preventing ketosis.
• Sodium Chloride:
  • Supplies sodium ions that maintain extracellular fluid volume and osmotic pressure.
  • Chloride ions help maintain acid-base balance and gastric secretions.

This solution also helps prevent dehydration and electrolyte imbalances in patients unable to take oral fluids. The hypotonicity allows partial free water delivery, which is beneficial in conditions like hypernatremia or in pediatric maintenance therapy.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Although this IV solution is generally safe and well-tolerated, caution is required when used with certain medications and clinical conditions that may affect fluid and electrolyte balance.

• Potential Drug Interactions:
  • Corticosteroids: May promote sodium and fluid retention.
  • Diuretics: May increase the risk of electrolyte disturbances.
  • Insulin: Enhances cellular uptake of dextrose; may cause hypoglycemia if not properly balanced.
  • Cardiac Glycosides (e.g., Digoxin): Electrolyte imbalance, especially hypokalemia or hypernatremia, can potentiate toxicity.
• Other Considerations:
  • Concurrent use with blood products should be avoided in the same line.
  • Drugs mixed into this solution may alter its tonicity and compatibility.

Always evaluate patient medications and clinical conditions before initiating IV fluids. Laboratory monitoring is crucial for high-risk patients.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The dosage of this IV solution depends on individual patient needs based on age, body weight, clinical status, and laboratory values. The 50ml plastic bag size is particularly suitable for:

• Neonatal or pediatric maintenance fluid therapy.
• Supplemental hydration in patients with restricted fluid intake.
• Dilution or carrier for other medications under strict clinical monitoring.

Typical Dosage Guidelines:

• Adults: Generally not used for primary fluid therapy; may be used for precise volume replacement or medication dilution.
• Children and Neonates: Dose calculated per body weight (e.g., mL/kg/day), and based on maintenance fluid requirements (typically 100–150 mL/kg/day in neonates).

Important Points:

• Always administer under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
• Infusion rate must be carefully adjusted based on the patient's hydration and electrolyte status.
• Do not exceed the recommended infusion rate to avoid fluid overload or electrolyte imbalance.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Though generally well-tolerated, adverse effects can occur, particularly in sensitive populations or when administered inappropriately.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Local irritation or pain at the infusion site.
  • Mild swelling or redness (phlebitis).
• Serious Side Effects (rare):
  • Hyperglycemia due to excessive dextrose.
  • Electrolyte imbalances – particularly hyponatremia or hypernatremia.
  • Fluid overload leading to edema, hypertension, or pulmonary congestion.
  • Hypokalemia, especially if no potassium supplementation is provided.
• Allergic Reactions:
  • Rare, but may include rash, itching, or anaphylaxis in sensitive individuals.

Prompt medical attention is necessary if serious adverse effects occur. Monitor electrolytes, fluid balance, and blood glucose regularly during therapy.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution should not be used in certain medical conditions where fluid or electrolyte disturbances can be life-threatening.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Known hypersensitivity to dextrose or sodium chloride.
  • Severe hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes).
  • Severe hypernatremia or fluid overload states (e.g., pulmonary edema, congestive heart failure).
• Relative Contraindications (caution required):
  • Renal impairment – risk of sodium retention and fluid overload.
  • Liver disease – may impair glucose metabolism.
  • Post-operative states requiring precise fluid management.

Thorough patient assessment and laboratory monitoring are essential before initiating therapy with this IV fluid.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.225% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is essential to ensure sterility, stability, and safety of the product.

• Storage Conditions:
  • Store at controlled room temperature: 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
  • Keep away from excessive heat, freezing, and direct sunlight.
• Handling Instructions:
  • Check for leaks, discoloration, or particulate matter before use.
  • Use only if the solution is clear and the container is intact.
  • Do not reconnect partially used bags to avoid contamination.
• Post-Use Disposal:
  • Dispose of used bags and tubing following institutional biomedical waste protocols.
  • Do not reuse or resterilize the bag.

Adhering to proper storage and handling protocols helps maintain product efficacy and ensures patient safety.