5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose & 0.18% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile intravenous infusion solution that combines dextrose (a form of glucose) and sodium chloride (common salt) to restore fluid and electrolyte balance in patients. This combination provides both energy and essential electrolytes to support body functions.

This solution is primarily used for:

• Treating mild to moderate dehydration
• Providing calories in patients unable to eat or drink normally
• Maintaining fluid and electrolyte balance during illness or surgery
• Serving as a vehicle for intravenous administration of medications

Because of its balanced composition, this solution gently hydrates without causing rapid shifts in fluid compartments, making it safer for many clinical situations.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution should only be administered intravenously by trained healthcare professionals using aseptic techniques:

• Preparation: Inspect the solution for clarity and absence of particulate matter before use. Do not use if the solution is cloudy or the bag is damaged.
• Administration: Connect the infusion set to the plastic bag, prime the line, and establish IV access.
• Infusion rate: Determined based on patient needs, clinical condition, and electrolyte status. Rapid infusion should be avoided unless medically necessary.
• Monitoring: Monitor vital signs, hydration status, serum electrolytes, and blood glucose levels regularly during infusion.
• Compatibility: Consult compatibility charts before mixing with other IV drugs.

Infusion must be tailored to the individual, especially for pediatric, elderly, or critically ill patients.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

The solution exerts its effects through two main components:

• Dextrose (5%): Provides a rapidly metabolizable carbohydrate source. Once infused, dextrose is absorbed into cells where it is converted into energy (ATP) via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation, supporting vital cellular functions.
• Sodium Chloride (0.18%): Supplies sodium and chloride ions, essential electrolytes for maintaining extracellular fluid volume, osmotic balance, and acid-base homeostasis. Sodium helps regulate blood pressure and nerve function, while chloride supports digestion and acid-base balance.

This hypotonic solution delivers water and electrolytes to maintain plasma osmolarity while providing energy. It gradually replenishes lost fluids without causing abrupt fluid shifts, preventing complications like cerebral edema.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While generally safe, certain drug interactions and conditions require attention:

• Insulin: Co-administration can alter glucose metabolism; glucose infusion may require insulin adjustments.
• Diuretics: May exacerbate electrolyte imbalances, particularly sodium and potassium loss.
• Corticosteroids and Mineralocorticoids: May increase sodium retention and fluid overload risk.
• IV medications: Some drugs may be incompatible or precipitate when mixed with dextrose or sodium chloride solutions.

Patients with cardiac, renal, or hepatic impairments may experience altered fluid and electrolyte handling, requiring careful monitoring during infusion.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage must be individualized based on clinical condition, hydration status, and electrolyte needs:

• Adults: Typically 500 to 1500 ml per day, adjusted according to fluid loss, blood electrolyte levels, and caloric requirements.
• Pediatric patients: Dosage calculated based on weight and ongoing losses, usually 100-150 ml/kg/day with careful monitoring.

Infusion Rate Considerations:

• Start infusion slowly, especially in patients at risk for fluid overload.
• Adjust rate based on serum electrolyte and glucose monitoring.
• Do not exceed maximum glucose oxidation rates (~4-5 mg/kg/min) to prevent hyperglycemia and metabolic complications.

Strict monitoring during administration is vital for safety and efficacy.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Though generally well tolerated, side effects can occur, particularly if infused inappropriately or in susceptible individuals:

• Fluid overload: Leading to edema, pulmonary congestion, or hypertension.
• Electrolyte disturbances: Such as hypernatremia or hyponatremia depending on underlying conditions.
• Hyperglycemia: Especially in diabetics or patients with impaired glucose tolerance.
• Phlebitis and local irritation: Pain, swelling, or redness at infusion site.
• Rare allergic reactions: Rash, itching, or anaphylactic reactions.

Immediate medical evaluation is necessary if severe reactions or symptoms of electrolyte imbalance occur.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

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This IV solution should be avoided in the following cases:

• Known hypersensitivity to any component of the solution.
• Severe hyperglycemia or uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, where glucose infusion may exacerbate hyperglycemia.
• Severe sodium retention states such as congestive heart failure or edema due to renal failure.
• Hypernatremia or hyperchloremia.
• Patients with intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage, where hypotonic fluids may worsen cerebral edema.

Always perform a thorough patient assessment before administration to avoid complications.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage ensures the stability and sterility of the infusion solution:

• Temperature: Store between 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F). Avoid extreme temperatures.
• Protect from freezing: Freezing may compromise container integrity and sterility.
• Avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight to maintain solution quality.
• Use immediately after opening: Discard any unused solution to prevent contamination.
• Check expiration date and do not use expired products.
• Keep out of reach of children and store in original packaging until use.