5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose & 0.18% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous (IV) solution used for fluid replacement and the restoration of electrolyte balance. This formulation combines two essential components:

• Dextrose (5% w/v): A carbohydrate that provides immediate energy and supports cellular metabolism.
• Sodium Chloride (0.18% w/v): Replenishes sodium levels in the body and helps maintain osmotic balance.

This solution is commonly used in clinical settings for:

• Treating mild to moderate dehydration
• Providing caloric support when oral intake is inadequate
• Delivering electrolytes during surgical recovery or illness
• As a carrier fluid for IV medications

It is supplied in a 500ml plastic bottle suitable for infusion under medical supervision.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper administration of this IV solution is essential for safety and effectiveness. It should always be used under the guidance of a healthcare professional.

• Route: Administered intravenously (IV) using sterile technique.
• Equipment: Infusion set with a calibrated drip chamber, sterile IV catheter, and appropriate needle size.
• Rate of administration: Determined by the patient’s clinical condition, age, fluid/electrolyte needs, and comorbidities.
• Pre-use inspection: Check the solution for clarity, leaks, or particulate matter. Do not use if the solution is cloudy or discolored.
• Infusion site: Monitor regularly for signs of infiltration, phlebitis, or infection.

Healthcare providers will assess:

• Hydration status
• Electrolyte levels (especially sodium)
• Blood glucose levels

Do not use this solution without prescription or outside clinical settings. Pediatric and geriatric patients may require dosage adjustments and closer monitoring.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV solution acts via dual mechanisms provided by its constituents:

• Dextrose: Quickly absorbed and metabolized to release energy. It enters the bloodstream and is taken up by cells, where it is converted to ATP via glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. This energy supports cellular functions and metabolic demands.
• Sodium Chloride: Dissociates into sodium (Na⁺) and chloride (Cl⁻) ions. These electrolytes help maintain plasma osmolarity, acid-base balance, and neuromuscular function. Sodium is essential for extracellular fluid volume regulation, while chloride supports gastric acid formation and bicarbonate balance.

The hypotonic nature of this solution helps in gradual hydration, making it suitable for mild dehydration. It does not significantly shift fluid into the intracellular compartment, which reduces the risk of cerebral edema.

Overall, this combination supports energy metabolism and restores essential electrolytes during fluid therapy.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Although this solution is generally safe, it can interact with certain drugs and clinical conditions:

• Corticosteroids & Mineralocorticoids: These may enhance sodium and water retention, increasing the risk of fluid overload.
• Diuretics: Concurrent use may alter fluid and electrolyte balance, especially potassium and sodium levels.
• Insulin: When used with dextrose-containing solutions, insulin may shift potassium into cells and precipitate hypokalemia if not monitored.
• Medications mixed with the solution: Some drugs are incompatible with dextrose or sodium chloride. Precipitation or inactivation may occur.

Patients with the following conditions should be monitored closely:

• Congestive heart failure
• Renal impairment
• Diabetes mellitus
• Liver disease

Always consult drug compatibility references or a pharmacist when adding medications to this infusion.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage depends on patient-specific factors such as age, weight, electrolyte status, hydration needs, and underlying disease conditions. Typical dosing guidelines are as follows:

• Adults: 500–3000 ml/day, depending on fluid and electrolyte needs
• Pediatrics: 100–150 ml/kg/day in neonates; must be carefully adjusted based on age and renal function

Infusion Rate:

• Should be administered slowly to avoid sudden fluid overload or electrolyte disturbances
• Maximum rate should not exceed the body’s glucose oxidation rate (generally 4–5 mg/kg/min)

Frequent monitoring of serum sodium, glucose, and osmolality is essential. In patients at risk of hyponatremia, this solution should be used with caution and at slower rates.

Note: Use only as directed by a healthcare professional. Adjustments may be required for special populations such as diabetics, renal failure, or critically ill patients.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While generally well-tolerated, some patients may experience side effects, especially if infused improperly or at high volumes:

• Fluid overload: Manifesting as edema, hypertension, or pulmonary congestion
• Electrolyte imbalances: Such as hypernatremia, hyponatremia, or hypokalemia
• Hyperglycemia: Especially in diabetic patients or those with impaired glucose metabolism
• Injection site reactions: Pain, swelling, or phlebitis at the infusion site
• Allergic reactions (rare): Rash, urticaria, or anaphylactoid responses

Serious complications can occur if not properly monitored:

• Hyponatremic encephalopathy in cases of rapid or excessive administration in susceptible patients
• Lactic acidosis in rare cases related to poor glucose metabolism

Monitoring is essential to detect and manage any adverse effects early. Always report any unusual symptoms to a healthcare provider promptly.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution is contraindicated in certain clinical conditions where it may cause harm:

• Hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes mellitus)
• Hypernatremia or sodium retention conditions (e.g., congestive heart failure, cirrhosis)
• Severe renal impairment with oliguria or anuria
• Intracranial or intraspinal bleeding where hypotonic solutions may exacerbate cerebral edema
• Fluid overload conditions such as pulmonary edema

Additionally, do not use if:

• The solution is discolored or contains particulate matter
• The bottle is damaged or leaking

It is critical to evaluate each patient individually before initiating therapy to minimize risks.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

To ensure product safety and stability, follow these storage guidelines:

• Temperature: Store at 20°C to 25°C (68°F to 77°F)
• Avoid freezing: Do not freeze; freezing may cause container damage and compromise sterility
• Protect from light: Though generally stable, avoid prolonged exposure to direct sunlight
• Shelf life: Follow expiration date printed on the bottle
• Post-opening: Use immediately after opening. Discard any unused portion to avoid contamination

Do not store partially used bottles. Store in original outer carton until ready to use. Keep out of reach of children.