5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% Dextrose & 0.18% Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic solution used for intravenous administration. It serves as a source of water, electrolytes (specifically sodium and chloride), and carbohydrates (as dextrose).

• Composition: Each 100ml contains 5g of Dextrose (anhydrous) and 0.18g of Sodium Chloride.
• Form: Clear, colorless solution for infusion in a 100ml plastic bag.
• Uses: It is used to treat dehydration, hypoglycemia, and electrolyte imbalance, and serves as a vehicle for drug delivery.
• Caloric Value: Provides approximately 170 kcal per liter.
• Osmolarity: This is a hypotonic solution, making it suitable for mild hydration and maintenance therapy.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This infusion must be administered intravenously and only under medical supervision. It is essential to follow healthcare provider instructions regarding dosage and infusion rate.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion through a sterile IV set.
• Preparation: Check the integrity of the bag and clarity of the solution before use. Do not use if cloudy or if particulate matter is visible.
• Infusion Rate: Determined by patient age, weight, clinical condition, and fluid/electrolyte needs.
• Monitoring: Regularly monitor serum electrolytes, fluid balance, and glucose levels during therapy.
• Compatibility: May be mixed with certain medications under supervision; always verify drug compatibility before admixture.
• Pediatric Use: Suitable with adjusted volume and infusion rate based on body weight.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution acts by replenishing fluid losses, correcting mild electrolyte imbalances, and supplying energy via dextrose metabolism.

• Dextrose:
  • Rapidly absorbed and metabolized to provide energy.
  • Spares protein and prevents ketosis in fasting states.
• Sodium Chloride:
  • Sodium helps maintain extracellular fluid balance and transmission of nerve impulses.
  • Chloride plays a role in acid-base balance and gastric acid production.
• Overall Effect: Maintains hydration, supports metabolic functions, and helps stabilize vital parameters in various clinical conditions.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Though generally safe, this IV fluid can interact with certain drugs or conditions, especially when administered in large volumes or over extended periods.

• Drug Interactions:
  • Corticosteroids: May increase sodium retention and fluid overload risk.
  • Diuretics: Loop and thiazide diuretics may lead to electrolyte imbalances when combined with hypotonic solutions.
  • Insulin: Enhances glucose uptake, potentially leading to hypoglycemia if not monitored properly.
  • Calcium-containing solutions: May precipitate if mixed improperly.
• Lab Tests: May interfere with glucose and electrolyte test readings.
• Special Populations: Patients with cardiac, renal, or hepatic impairment may require adjusted volume and monitoring.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage must be individualized based on the patient’s fluid, electrolyte, and caloric needs, as well as their age, weight, and underlying medical condition.

• Adults: Typically 500ml to 1000ml/day depending on clinical condition.
• Children: Dosage is weight-based; typically 10–20 ml/kg/hour or as directed.
• Neonates: Use with caution; specialized formulas and strict monitoring required.
• Administration Rate:
  • Should not exceed the body’s glucose oxidation capacity (generally 5–7 mg/kg/min in adults).
  • Adjust rate in patients with compromised renal or cardiac function.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Though usually well-tolerated, side effects can occur, especially with prolonged use or rapid infusion.

• Common Side Effects:
  • Local vein irritation or thrombophlebitis at infusion site.
  • Minor fluid overload if infused too rapidly.
• Serious Side Effects:
  • Hyponatremia (low sodium levels) causing confusion, seizures.
  • Hyperglycemia in diabetic patients.
  • Pulmonary edema in patients with cardiac or renal compromise.
  • Electrolyte imbalance if not monitored properly.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare but may include rash, pruritus, or anaphylaxis.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution is not appropriate for all patient populations and must be avoided in certain conditions.

• Absolute Contraindications:
  • Known hypersensitivity to dextrose or sodium chloride.
  • Severe hyperglycemia or diabetic coma (without insulin treatment).
  • Severe hyponatremia or water intoxication.
• Relative Contraindications:
  • Congestive heart failure.
  • Renal impairment with oliguria or anuria.
  • Cerebral edema or head trauma (risk of further dilutional hyponatremia).

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is essential to maintain sterility and chemical stability of the solution.

• Temperature: Store between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F); avoid freezing.
• Light: Protect from direct sunlight and intense artificial light.
• Packaging: Keep in original overwrap until ready for use to prevent evaporation and contamination.
• Handling:
  • Inspect visually for particulate matter or discoloration prior to administration.
  • Do not use if the container is damaged or shows signs of leakage.
• Post-Opening: Use immediately after opening. Discard any unused portion; do not save for later use.