5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

5% w/v Dextrose & 0.18% w/v Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, non-pyrogenic intravenous solution used for fluid and electrolyte replenishment. It combines two essential components:

• Dextrose (5%): A simple sugar (glucose) that provides immediate energy to the body.
• Sodium Chloride (0.18%): Common salt that helps maintain the electrolyte balance and hydration status.

This solution is primarily indicated for:

• Maintenance fluid therapy in patients who are unable to take adequate fluids orally.
• Correction of mild sodium depletion when combined with caloric supplementation.
• Supportive fluid for patients with mild dehydration or electrolyte imbalance.

It is commonly administered in hospitals via intravenous infusion under medical supervision.

How to use 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution should be used strictly under the direction and supervision of a healthcare professional. Proper administration is essential to avoid complications.

• Route of Administration: Intravenous infusion only.
• Infusion Equipment: Administer using a sterile, non-pyrogenic administration set.
• Rate of Administration: Depends on the patient's clinical status, age, body weight, and electrolyte requirements. Always follow prescribed rate.
• Monitoring: Continuous clinical and laboratory monitoring of fluid balance, serum electrolytes, and glucose levels is recommended.

Important precautions during use:

• Inspect the solution for clarity and container integrity before use.
• Do not administer if the solution is discolored or contains particulate matter.
• Do not mix with incompatible drugs or other IV solutions unless confirmed safe.

Mode of Action 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This formulation works through the combined actions of dextrose and sodium chloride:

• Dextrose:
  • Rapidly metabolized in the body to provide energy.
  • Spare body proteins from being used for energy production.
  • Improve hydration status and serve as a vehicle for drug delivery.
• Sodium Chloride:
  • Maintains extracellular fluid volume.
  • Regulates osmotic pressure and nerve function.
  • Supports acid-base balance in conjunction with other electrolytes.

By combining glucose and sodium chloride, this solution serves both nutritional and hydration roles, particularly useful in patients requiring parenteral support.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Interactions 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This IV solution may interact with various medications and conditions:

• Drug Interactions:
  • Corticosteroids: May lead to sodium and fluid retention, increasing the risk of hypernatremia.
  • Diuretics: Can alter fluid and electrolyte balance; monitor serum sodium and glucose levels carefully.
  • Insulin: Accelerates glucose uptake; monitor blood glucose levels in diabetic patients.
  • Potassium-sparing agents: Risk of electrolyte imbalance due to altered renal sodium excretion.
• Medical Conditions:
  • Diabetes mellitus: May cause hyperglycemia; close glucose monitoring is essential.
  • Renal impairment: Can lead to fluid overload and electrolyte imbalance.
  • Congestive heart failure: Monitor fluid intake to prevent exacerbation of symptoms.

Always inform the healthcare provider about current medications and medical history before initiating therapy.

Dosage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Dosage must be individualized based on the patient’s fluid and electrolyte needs, age, weight, and clinical condition.

• Adults:
  • Typical rate: 30–40 mL/kg/day, adjusted according to the clinical scenario.
  • Total volume should consider daily maintenance and losses.
• Pediatrics:
  • More sensitive to fluid overload; dosing must be adjusted accordingly.
  • Monitor weight, serum electrolytes, and hydration status.

General Administration Guidelines:

• Administer intravenously using sterile technique.
• Infusion rate should not exceed the patient’s glucose oxidation capacity (generally around 5–7 mg/kg/min for adults).
• Adjust dosage during renal impairment, hepatic disease, or heart failure.

Note: Always follow the prescribing physician’s instructions and hospital protocols.

Possible side effects of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

While generally well-tolerated, this infusion can cause side effects, especially with improper administration or in sensitive individuals.

• Common side effects:
  • Local irritation at the injection site (pain, redness, swelling).
  • Flushing or mild hyperglycemia.
• Serious side effects (require immediate medical attention):
  • Hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia depending on glucose metabolism.
  • Hypernatremia (excess sodium in blood), particularly in renal dysfunction.
  • Fluid overload leading to pulmonary edema, especially in heart failure patients.
  • Electrolyte imbalance: hypokalemia or metabolic acidosis.
• Rare but significant reactions:
  • Anaphylactoid reactions (very rare).
  • Phlebitis due to prolonged intravenous infusion.

Close monitoring of vital signs, serum electrolytes, and glucose levels is crucial during therapy.

5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP Contraindications 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

This solution is contraindicated in specific medical conditions where its components may exacerbate the clinical status.

• Contraindicated conditions include:
  • Severe hyperglycemia or glucose intolerance (e.g., uncontrolled diabetes).
  • Hypernatremia or fluid retention disorders such as:
    • Congestive heart failure
    • Cirrhosis with ascites
    • Oliguria or anuria (renal failure)
  • Intracranial or intraspinal hemorrhage (risk of fluid shift and increased intracranial pressure).
• Allergy or hypersensitivity to dextrose or sodium chloride (rare).

Always assess patient’s electrolyte status, hydration, and comorbid conditions before initiating therapy.

Storage of 5% w/v DEXTROSE & 0.18% w/v SODIUM CHLORIDE INJECTION USP

Proper storage is critical to maintaining the safety, efficacy, and sterility of the solution.

• Storage Conditions:
  • Store at controlled room temperature between 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F).
  • Protect from excessive heat and freezing.
• Container Care:
  • Keep in original packaging until use to avoid contamination.
  • Do not use if the plastic bag is damaged, leaking, or the solution appears cloudy or contains particulates.
• After Opening:
  • Use immediately after opening the container.
  • Discard any unused portion to prevent infection or contamination.

Ensure that the infusion is handled by trained healthcare professionals under aseptic conditions.