5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP Infusion/Solution for

What is 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

5% Sodium Chloride Injection USP is a sterile, hypertonic intravenous solution containing sodium chloride (NaCl) dissolved in water at a concentration of 5%. It is commonly used in medical settings for intravenous administration to restore or maintain sodium and fluid balance in patients. This product is supplied in a 500ml polyethylene (PE) bottle, which ensures durability and sterility during storage and administration.

• Composition: Contains 5 grams of sodium chloride per 100 ml of solution.
• Form: Clear, colorless sterile solution intended for intravenous infusion.
• Primary Use: Used to treat hyponatremia (low sodium levels), restore electrolyte balance, and manage fluid volume deficits.
• Clinical Importance: Sodium is a vital electrolyte responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure, nerve conduction, and muscle function.
• Packaging: Supplied in 500ml PE bottles designed for intravenous infusion, suitable for hospital and clinical use.

How to use 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Administration of 5% Sodium Chloride Injection USP requires careful medical supervision to ensure safe and effective therapy:

• Route: Intravenous infusion only; never administer by other routes.
• Preparation: Before use, inspect the bottle for leaks, cloudiness, or particulate matter. Use aseptic technique to connect the infusion set.
• Dosage: Determined by the patient's clinical condition, serum sodium concentration, and fluid balance. Typically started at a slow rate.
• Infusion Rate: Should be carefully controlled; rapid infusion may cause dangerous shifts in fluid and electrolytes.
• Monitoring: Regularly monitor blood sodium levels, fluid status, vital signs, and neurological status to guide therapy.
• Contraindications: Avoid in patients with hypernatremia, fluid overload, or severe cardiac or renal disease unless under close supervision.

Mode of Action 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

The therapeutic effects of 5% Sodium Chloride Injection USP stem from its physiological roles as an electrolyte solution:

• Electrolyte Replacement: Provides sodium ions (Na⁺) essential for maintaining extracellular fluid volume and osmotic balance.
• Osmotic Regulation: The hypertonic nature increases plasma osmolarity, drawing water from intracellular to extracellular compartments to restore circulating volume.
• Support of Nervous System: Sodium ions facilitate nerve impulse transmission and muscle contraction.
• Fluid Balance: Helps correct hyponatremia and maintain blood pressure by regulating water distribution across compartments.
• Acid-Base Homeostasis: Maintains electrolyte balance important for pH regulation and metabolic processes.

5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP Interactions 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

The following interactions should be carefully considered when using this hypertonic sodium chloride solution:

• Diuretics: Concurrent use with diuretics may increase the risk of electrolyte imbalances; monitor serum sodium and potassium closely.
• Cardiac Glycosides (e.g., Digoxin): Electrolyte disturbances caused by sodium chloride infusions may potentiate digoxin toxicity.
• Antihypertensive Drugs: Sodium retention can reduce the efficacy of antihypertensive medications.
• Other Electrolyte Solutions: Co-administration requires careful balancing to prevent hypernatremia or fluid overload.
• Medications Affecting Fluid Retention: Corticosteroids, NSAIDs, or ACE inhibitors may increase sodium and fluid retention, necessitating close monitoring.

Dosage of 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Dosage varies according to patient-specific factors and clinical context:

• Adults: Dosages typically range from 100 ml to 500 ml or more depending on severity of sodium deficit and clinical condition.
• Infusion Rate: Generally started slowly (e.g., 0.5 to 2 ml/kg/hr), with adjustments based on laboratory monitoring and patient response.
• Pediatric Use: Dose is carefully calculated based on body weight and clinical need, with slow infusion to prevent rapid sodium shifts.
• Critical Situations: In acute severe hyponatremia, hypertonic saline administration requires very careful control to avoid osmotic demyelination syndrome.
• Renal or Cardiac Impairment: Dose and infusion rate must be reduced to prevent volume overload and electrolyte imbalances.

Possible side effects of 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

While generally safe when administered properly, side effects may occur:

• Hypernatremia: Excessive sodium can lead to symptoms like headache, confusion, seizures, and in severe cases, osmotic demyelination syndrome.
• Fluid Overload: Manifested by peripheral edema, hypertension, pulmonary congestion, especially in patients with heart or kidney dysfunction.
• Phlebitis or Thrombophlebitis: Local irritation or inflammation at the infusion site.
• Electrolyte Disturbances: Imbalances of potassium, calcium, or magnesium may result secondary to sodium administration.
• Allergic Reactions: Rare hypersensitivity reactions including rash, itching, or anaphylaxis.
• Other: Nausea, vomiting, and headache may occasionally occur during infusion.

5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP Contraindications 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Use of this hypertonic sodium chloride injection is contraindicated in the following conditions:

• Hypernatremia: Already elevated serum sodium levels.
• Severe Fluid Overload or Edema: Risk of exacerbating pulmonary or peripheral edema.
• Congestive Heart Failure: Sodium load may worsen cardiac function.
• Renal Failure: Impaired ability to excrete excess sodium and water.
• Known Hypersensitivity: Allergy to sodium chloride or any solution component.
• Conditions Requiring Sodium Restriction: Such as certain liver diseases or hypertension uncontrolled by medication.

Storage of 5% SODIUM CHLORIDE INTRAVENOUS INFUSION BP

Proper storage ensures the safety and effectiveness of the solution:

• Temperature: Store at controlled room temperature between 15°C and 30°C (59°F - 86°F).
• Light Exposure: Protect from direct sunlight and excessive heat.
• Container Integrity: Do not use if the PE bottle is damaged, leaking, or if the solution appears discolored or cloudy.
• Expiration: Use before the expiration date printed on the bottle.
• Handling: Maintain aseptic technique during preparation and administration to avoid contamination.